All About PAN Card

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What is a PAN Card?

PAN is an abbreviation of Permanent Account Number. The Income Tax Department of India assigns an alphanumeric, 10-digit unique number to each taxpayer. Each PAN number is unique and different for each individual.

The PAN number keeps track of a person’s financial activities and is required for all forms of payment

A PAN card appears to be a physical plastic card with one’s PAN number, name, DOB, and a photograph printed on it.

The PAN number is valid for life because it is unaffected by changes in address or job profile and can thus be used as proof of identity.

Who Issues PAN Card?

PAN Card is issued by the Income Tax Department with help from authorised district-level PAN agencies, UTI ITSL (UTI Infrastructure Technology and Services Limited), and Protean e-Gov Technologies Limited (formerly National Securities Depository Limited-NSDL). There are several TIN-Facilitation Centres and PAN centres across the country, run by Protean eGov Technologies Limited that help citizens get their PAN Card.

The process of issuing of PAN works on the PPP (Public Private Partnership) model. This is done to maintain economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of managing, processing, and issuing PAN applications.

Structure of a PAN Card

A PAN card is much more than just a card with the user’s basic information. It is designed in such a way that each special character, alphabet, and so on define various different things written on it. The following is an example of a PAN card structure:

The first five characters of the Permanent Account Number are always uppercase letters, followed by four numerals, and the tenth or final character is a letter. ‘AAA XX123 4B’ is an example.
The PAN number’s first three characters form an alphabetic sequence.
The fourth character identifies the cardholder type, which can be either an individual or a person. For instance, BBBPZ123XA.

Each cardholder type is defined by the letter given below-

A- Association of persons (AOP)

B- Body of Individuals (BOI)

C- Company

F- Firm

G- Government

H- HUF (Hindu Undivided Family)

L- Local Authority

J- Artificial Juridical Person

P- Individual or Person

T- Trust (AOP)

The fifth character in the PAN Card number is either-

the person’s surname or last name (in the case of a “Personal” PAN card)

Name of the trust, society, entity, or organisation (in the event that the fourth character is any of the letters “C”, “H”, “F”, “A”, “T”, “L”, “J”, “G”, or “A”)

The tenth or final character is an alphabetic digit used to validate the current code

Structure of PAN- AAA S A 1234 A

First Three Digit	Alphabetic series running from AAA to ZZZ
Fourth Digit	Status (I.e. P For Personal, C for Corporate, F for Firm, H for Hindu Undivided Family Etc.)
Fifth Digit	First character of assessee’s Last Name/ Surname
Next Digit	Sequential Number running from 0001 to 9999
Last Digit	Alphabetic Check digit

The phonetic PAN (PPAN) is a new concept which helps prevent allotment of more than one PAN to assessees with same/ similar names.
AIS works out the PPAN based on some important key fields of an assessee using an internal algorithm. At the time of PAN allotment, the PPAN of the assessee is compared with the PPANs of all the assessees to whom PAN has been allotted all over the nation. If a matching PPAN is detected, a warning is given to the user and a duplicate PPAN report is generated. In such cases, a new PAN can only be allotted if the Assessing Officer chooses to override the duplicate PPAN detection.
A unique PAN can be allotted under this system to 17 crore taxpayers under each alphabet under each status (i.e. individual, HUF, Firm, Company, Trusts, Body of Individuals, Association of Persons, etc.)

What are the Types of PAN Cards?

There are several types of PAN cards available, each with a specific purpose, as explained below:

PAN card for organizations and companies.
PAN card for Cooperative Societies and Trusts.
PAN card for Individual taxpayers.
PAN card for business units or partnership firms.

PAN Cards issued to individuals have the person's photograph, name, father's name, date of birth, signature, an authenticity hologram, QR Code, date of issue of the PAN, and the Permanent Account Number. PAN Cards issued to companies have the name of the company, its date of registration, the PAN number, hologram, QR Code, and date of issue of PAN. It will not have a photograph or signature.

History of PAN in India

Before the concept of PAN was introduced, there was a GIR number assigned to taxpayers. This was basically a manual system and was unique only within a ward or under a particular assessing officer. However, the number was not unique at the country level. Since GIR unique not unique, there could be higher chances of miscalculation and errors, or cases of mistaken identity during tax assessment.

The GIR number was allotted by the Assessing Officer to a tax payer and it included the Assessing Officer's information as well.

In the year 1972, the concept of PAN was rolled out by the Indian government and was made statutory under section 139A of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Initially a voluntary process, PAN was made mandatory for all tax paying individuals in 1976.

The initial PAN number allotments were made manually, and to avoid duplication, each ward/circle received a certain set of numbers. This series was abandoned in the year 1995.

Old PAN Series

In spite of these changes, the first avatar of the PAN card met with some difficulties, as mentioned below:

There was no database to maintain records of the PAN number allotted, with very limited information being recorded.
The data that was stored for PAN holders was neither structured well nor did it capture detailed information except a few primary details like name, address, etc.
There was no centralised authority who issued the PAN cards, resulting in the possibility that different centres could allot the same number to different individuals in the country.
The PAN number was not a permanent one as the number changed depending on the holder's address.

New PAN Series

In 1995, under an amended section 139A of the Income Tax Act, the new series of PAN was rolled out by the Income Tax Department. The new PAN series facilitated the following points which were earlier not included in the old series of PAN:

Linking of all tax-related information, current as well as past, to a single identification number.
Easy retrieval of information from the central database. With the launch of the new PAN series, the segregation and recording of data was done more effectively.
Matching all financial information mapped against a single PAN, so that all loan details, credit and debit details as well as investment details could be tracked and thereby help prevent tax evasion.

Who is Eligible for a PAN Card?

According to the Income Tax Act, Indian residents who fall into the following categories are eligible to obtain a PAN card:
Self-employed professionals or businessmen whose annual turnover is Rs. 5 lakh or more
Individuals who are liable to pay tax or who pay tax
Individuals who are into import and export activities
Registered associations, organizations, trusts
In addition, NRIs (Non-Resident Indians), PIOs (Person of Indian Origin), OCIs (Overseas Citizens of India), cardholders, and foreigners who fall under the purview of the Income Tax Act of 1961 are eligible to apply for a PAN card.
Furthermore, parents can apply for a PAN card on behalf of their minor children.

Jurisdiction:

The Permanent Account Number! Card does not by itself indicate jurisdiction, as jurisdiction gets changed frequently and is not a permanent information. However, in the database each PAN is linked to a 10 digit Assessing Officer code indicating the jurisdiction of the taxpayer. This AO code defines the Chief Commissioner Region, the Commissioner’s Charge, the Joint Commissioner Range, and the place and designation of the Assessing Officer(s). Any authorised user of the Income Tax Application systems can, by making a query on any PC on the Income Tax network find out the Assessing Officer for a given PAN.

Who is required to apply for Permanent Account Number: Under Section 139A(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 following categories of persons are expected to apply and obtain Permanent Account Number:

Persons who are already assessed or assessable to Income-tax;
Persons who are carrying on any business or profession where total sales / turnover / gross receipts are or is likely to exceed Rs. 5,00,000/- in any previous years;

iii. Trusts;

Any class or classes of persons by whom tax is payable under the Income-tax Act or any tax or duty is payable under any other law for the time being in force including importers and exporters whether any tax is payable by them or not.

The Assessing Officer can also allot Permanent Account Number to any other person by whom tax is payable. Any other person can also apply to the Assessing Officer for allotment of a Permanent Account Number. All assessees who had earlier been allotted a Permanent Account Number were expected to apply for Permanent Account Number under new series, so that a structured data base COULD be set up in respect of all persons having Permanent Account Number under new series.

Coverage of PAN

Permanent Account Number covers individuals, HUF, partnerships, firms, companies, body of individuals, trusts, and all other persons who are assessable to tax and /or come under the purview of Section 139A. PAN under the new series is allotted on the basis of Form 49A filled up by the applicants. Section 139A provides that no person can hold more than one PAN.

What happens if you don't have PAN Card?

If your income falls in the taxable bracket, not having a PAN card would result in:

Flat 30% tax on your earnings and wealth, as stipulated by the Income Tax Department of India. This rule applies to individuals, companies and all entities eligible for tax, including foreign nationals and firms registered outside India.
Not being able to purchase a motor vehicle, buy immovable property worth over Rs. 10 lakh, or open a bank account, among other activities.
Businesses unable to conduct a large chunk of their financial activities and procurement.

New Design of PAN Cards

The Income Tax Department has prescribed a new format for PAN Cards issued after 1 January 2017. The changes made to the new PAN Card have been listed below:

A Quick Response (QR) code has been printed onto the new PAN Card which will carry details of the card holder. This QR code can be used for verification of data.
New sections for the name of the card holder, the card holder's father's name, and date of birth have been added.
The location of the PAN and the signature of the card holder have been changed.

PAN Card Forms

In order to apply for a PAN card, an application form has to be filled out. There are two types of application forms – Form 49A and Form 49AA. Both the forms can be availed through both online and offline platforms.

Form 49A: The Form 49A is used by Indian individuals or entities to apply for a PAN card. Students and minors can also apply for PAN using this form.

Form 49AA: The Form 49AA is the application form for PAN which is used in the case of foreigners.

The forms have to duly filled up and sent in to the TIN-Protean eGov Technologies Limited's office.

The Cost of PAN Application

An individual can make an online application for his or her PAN card. This can be done through the Protean eGov Technologies Limited website (formerly NSDL) or the UTITSL portal. The cost of application for PAN can be summed as follows:

For Indian communication address: Rs.93 (excluding GST)
For foreign communication address: Rs.864 (excluding GST)

Concepts Similar to PAN Card

The concept of PAN, or a unique number assigned to every tax paying entity, is not a new concept. In fact, there are a number of similar such utilities that are used for tax purposes.

TAN (Tax Deduction and Collection Account Number) - This is a unique 10-digit number that is issued to individuals and entities who have to collect or deduct tax on payments made as part of tax Deducted at Source (TDS) under the Income Tax Act. TAN has to be quoted when applying for TDS or Tax Collected at Source (TCS) challans made to disburse the refund as well as on certificates. Failure to quote the TAN would result in a fine of Rs. 10, 000.

TIN (Taxpayer Identification Number) - TIN number is a unique 11-digit number that is used to identify dealers who are registered under Value Added Tax. Allotted by individual states, it is compulsory for all manufacturers, traders and dealers to register for a TIN number. This number is to be quoted when generating invoices, orders or quotations by both the issuing as well as the receiving company. It is also used to identify assesses under the Income tax Act of 1961.A