UPSC Prelims is one of toughest exams in India demanding comprehensive knowledge & effective time management. With its vast syllabus spanning diverse topics knowing important subjects is crucial for success. Whether it’s Polity, Economy, Geography, History, Science & Technology, Environment or CSAT each section requires dedicated focus. We’ll highlight key topics for each area of syllabus helping you prioritize your preparation for UPSC Prelims 2025. Stay informed, stay prepared & elevate your chances of success.
Current Affairs plays critical role in UPSC Prelims covering wide range of issues from international relations to government schemes & national events. Regular updates on topics like government policies, international summits & major economic developments are necessary for staying ahead. Staying informed about global issues & regional discussions on environmental challenges can help solidify your understanding of world today.
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‘Silkworm Eating’ Strategy |
3200 Phaethon |
AAINA Dashboard |
Article 370 |
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Article 371F |
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank |
Aspirational Block Programme |
Assam-Arunachal Border Dispute |
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Bharat Rashtra Currency |
BIMSTEC Foreign Ministers’ meet |
Blue Hole |
Centre Looking To Design Human Development Index for PVTGs |
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Chandrayaan-3 |
Changes In GST |
Child Trafficking In India |
Clean India Mission (Swachh Bharat Abhiyan) |
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CoWIN Data Breach |
Cyber Surakshit Bharat Initiative |
Dabba Trading |
Dark Patterns |
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Digital Lending Guidelines |
Digital Public Infrastructure and India Stack |
Digital Skilling in India |
Draft National Environment Policy |
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Edakkal Caves |
Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) Waves |
Electronic Interlocking System in Railways |
Enemy Property |
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Falling Bond Yields |
Falling Long-Term Growth Prospects |
FDI Policy Reforms |
First Global Buddhist Summit |
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Foreign Exchange Management Act |
Foreign Trade Policy |
Foucault Pendulum |
Freedom of Religion |
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Freedom on The Net 2023 Report |
G20 Summit |
Geographical Indication Tag |
Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable (GSDR) |
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Gopal Krishna Gokhale |
Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Ordinance, 2023 |
Gram Manchitra |
Guru Tegh Bahadur |
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Human Genome Project |
India Gifts Missile Corvette INS Kirpan to Vietnam |
India Rethinking Its Anaemia Policy |
India To Train ASEAN Women in United Nations Peacekeeping Operation |
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India-Africa Forum Summit (IAFS) |
India-European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Trade Pact |
India-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA) |
India’s Gold Reserves |
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India’s New Parliament Building |
India’s Role in G20 |
Indo-Pacific Strategy |
Indus Water Treaty |
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Innovative Finance Facility for Climate in Asia and The Pacific (IF-CAP) |
International Big Cats Alliance |
International Monetary Fund |
International Organization for Migration |
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Israel-Palestine Conflict |
Jal Jeevan Mission |
Konark Wheel |
LIGO-India Project |
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Logistic Performance Index 2023 |
Manual Scavenging in India |
MeerKAT Telescope |
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) |
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Mission Vatsalya Scheme |
Mizoram, Assam New Active Sectors For Infiltration: BSF |
Model Prisons Act |
Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) |
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National Afforestation Programme |
National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) |
National Anti-Doping Agency |
National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) |
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National Commission for Women |
National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) |
National Health Policy 2017 (Updated) |
National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) |
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National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) |
National Medical Commission |
National Medical Devices Policy |
National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) |
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National Renewable Energy Mission |
NATO PLUS |
NATO Summit |
NCRB 2022 Report On Crime In India |
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NITI Aayog’s State Health Index |
Official Visit of Prime Minister of Nepal to India |
Open Network for Digital Commerce |
Operation Ganga (Evacuation of Nationals from Ukraine) |
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PLI Scheme |
PM CARES Fund |
PM Modi's G20 Presidency Agenda |
PM Swamitva Scheme |
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Practice of Polygamy In India |
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana |
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) |
Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) |
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Pushkaralu Festival |
Quad Summit |
Railway Officers To Be Trained In Disaster Management |
Rani Durgavati |
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Road Crash Death In India |
Sacred Ensembles of Hoysalas |
Same-Sex Marriage |
Sanctions Committee of UNSC |
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Sarna Code |
SCO Summit |
Seed Bank At Asola Bhatti Sanctuary |
SHREYAS Scheme |
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Space Science and Technology Awareness Training |
Sudan Crisis |
TeLEOS-2 & Lumelite-4 |
The PoSH Act |
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Thirunelly Temple |
Tropospheric Emissions Monitoring of Pollution |
Tungnath Temple |
Ujjwala Yojana |
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UN Democracy Fund |
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) |
Universal Basic Income (UBI) |
Uttaramerur Inscription |
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Vikshit Bharat Sankalp Yatra |
Violence in Manipur |
Visits of PM Modi |
Volatility In Edible Oil Prices |
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Wagner Group |
Washington Declaration |
World Bank President |
World Health Organization (WHO) & WTO |
Maps play major role in UPSC Prelims especially in subjects like Geography, Polity, Environment. It’s important to be familiar with physical & political maps of India & world. Key areas such as river systems, mountain ranges, states & capitals & important geographical features must be thoroughly studied. Incorporating map-based questions into your daily revision will not only enhance your geographical knowledge but also help in tackling complex questions more effectively during exam.
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Chichen Itza |
Ayers Rock (Uluru) |
Moai Statues, Easter Island |
Andaman Islands |
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Yamal Peninsula |
Panama Canal |
Isle of Skye |
Congo River |
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Palk Strait |
Timor Leste |
Wuling Mountains |
Mount Vinson |
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Mount Erebus |
Galápagos Islands |
Vesuvius Volcano |
Okavango Delta |
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Lake Titicaca |
Mount Fuji |
Mount Taranaki |
Lake Chad |
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Orkney Islands |
Sunda Strait |
Dead Sea |
Mount Ararat |
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Namib Desert |
Strait of Hormuz |
Tigray Region |
Bohol Island |
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Kakhovka Dam |
Bering Sea |
Blue Hole, Belize |
Strait of Dover |
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Aysén Region |
Santorini Island |
Death Valley |
Kotmale Reservoir |
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Mount Roraima |
Mariana Trench |
Devil’s Sea (Dragon's Triangle) |
Suez Canal |
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Strait of Magellan |
Mount Kilimanjaro |
Tajikistan's Pamirs |
Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) |
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Batagaika Crater |
Baku |
Lake Baikal |
Socotra Island |
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Ayers Rock (Uluru) |
Ural Mountains |
Andaman Islands |
Antarctic Peninsula |
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Panama Canal |
Moai Statues, Easter Island |
Congo River |
Palawan Island |
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Timor Leste |
Isle of Skye |
Mount Vinson |
Mount Etna |
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Galápagos Islands |
Wuling Mountains |
Okavango Delta |
Lake Malawi |
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Mount Fuji |
Vesuvius Volcano |
Lake Chad |
Taal Volcano |
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Sunda Strait |
Mount Taranaki |
Mount Ararat |
Strait of Malacca |
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Strait of Hormuz |
Dead Sea |
Bohol Island |
Coral Triangle |
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Bering Sea |
Tigray Region |
Strait of Dover |
Seaway Kulluk |
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Santorini Island |
Blue Hole, Belize |
Kotmale Reservoir |
MacDonnell Ranges |
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Mariana Trench |
Death Valley |
Suez Canal |
Mount Kosciuszko |
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Mount Kilimanjaro |
Devil’s Sea (Dragon's Triangle) |
Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) |
Mount K2 |
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Baku |
Tajikistan's Pamirs |
Socotra Island |
Island of Madeira |
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Ural Mountains |
Lake Baikal |
Antarctic Peninsula |
Galápagos Archipelago |
Polity section of UPSC Prelims tests an aspirant understanding of Constitution, governance, political systems in India. Topics such as Fundamental Rights, DPSP, Electoral Reforms, structure of government institutions should be well versed. Focus is not just on theoretical knowledge but also on practical application of governance in current political landscape.
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Topic |
Subtopics |
Key Concepts |
Relevant Issues |
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Indian Constitution |
Salient features, Preamble, Parts of the Constitution |
Structure, Powers, Amendments |
Constitution's evolution, Basic Structure |
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Fundamental Duties |
Civic responsibilities, Role in governance |
Civic responsibility of citizens |
National development, Duties towards the State |
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Emergency Provisions |
National Emergency, President's Rule |
Emergency powers of the President |
Impact on Fundamental Rights, Centre-State relations |
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Fundamental Rights |
Right to equality, Right to freedom, Cultural rights |
Justiciable rights, Restrictions |
Judicial interpretation, Protection of Civil Liberties |
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Types of Citizenship, Acquisition, Loss |
Rights of citizens, Privileges |
Citizenship Act, Nationality and statelessness |
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Quasi-judicial bodies |
National Human Rights Commission, Tribunals |
Role in governance, Judicial review |
Accountability and transparency |
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DPSP (Directive Principles of State Policy) |
Welfare principles, Relationship with Fundamental Rights |
Nature of governance, State's role |
Implementing social justice |
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Preamble |
Objectives of the Constitution, Core values |
Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic |
Philosophy of the Constitution |
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Electoral Process |
Election Commission, Voting rights, Anti-defection law |
Free and fair elections, Electoral reforms |
Voter participation, Electoral transparency |
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Parliament |
Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, Committees, Functions |
Legislative procedures, Law-making |
Parliamentary sovereignty, Legislative oversight |
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Writs in Indian Constitution |
Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari, Quo Warranto |
Judicial intervention in safeguarding rights |
Judicial review, Protection of rights |
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Executive |
President, PM, Council of Ministers |
Powers, Responsibilities, Role in governance |
Balance of power, Decision-making process |
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Cabinet Committees |
Various committees, Role and function |
Cabinet decisions, Public administration |
Executive function, Policy formulation |
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Electoral Reforms |
Changes in electoral system, Voter rights, Voter education |
Evolving electoral processes |
Electoral integrity, Political accountability |
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Constitutional Bodies |
UPSC, Election Commission, CAG, Attorney General |
Independent bodies, Oversight functions |
Ensuring constitutional integrity, Governance accountability |
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Delhi Services Bill 2023 |
Delhi Government's powers, Lieutenant Governor's role |
Control over services in Delhi |
Center-State power struggle |
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Judiciary |
Supreme Court, High Courts, Judicial review, Role in democracy |
Independent judiciary, Judicial activism |
Judicial review, Protection of rights |
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Non-Constitutional Bodies |
NHRC, Planning Commission, NITI Aayog |
Bodies influencing governance without constitutional mandate |
Accountability, Governance effectiveness |
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Anti-Defection Law |
Tenth Schedule, Disqualification of MPs/MLAs |
Stability in governance, Protection of democratic processes |
Prevention of political instability |
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Federalism |
Distribution of powers between Centre and States |
Cooperative federalism, Autonomy |
Centre-State relations, Decentralization |
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Article 370 |
Special status to Jammu and Kashmir |
Constitutional change, Reorganization of States |
Political implications, Integration of Jammu and Kashmir |
Economy section of UPSC exam deals with topics that influence India’s financial health & policies. Aspirants should be prepared to tackle questions on inflation, taxation, monetary policies & various economic reforms. Understanding implications of international economic bodies, important calculations, financial inclusion etc can be pivotal. For more information on government schemes, please refer to blog by APTI PLUS best UPSC Coaching in Kolkata.
Topic |
Subtopics |
Key Concepts |
Relevant Issues |
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Basics of Indian Economy |
Economic sectors, Role of government, Key challenges |
Growth, Development, Poverty reduction |
Structural changes, Policy implications |
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Taxation |
Types of taxes, Direct vs Indirect taxes |
GST, Income Tax, Tax reforms |
Economic impact, Tax reforms |
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Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code |
Legal framework for insolvency, Process |
Insolvency resolution, Corporate restructuring |
Ease of doing business, Bankruptcy proceedings |
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Digital Public Infrastructure |
Role of technology in economy, Digital India initiatives |
E-Governance, Digital payments |
Economic growth through tech, Financial inclusion |
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Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable (GSDR) |
Sovereign debt, Debt restructuring |
International debt market, Debt sustainability |
Global economic stability, Debt management |
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Bond Yields |
Government securities, Bond market dynamics |
Interest rates, Yield curve |
Investment trends, Economic indicators |
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Economic Models |
Supply and Demand, Keynesian, Classical |
Market equilibrium, Fiscal policies |
Economic stability, Growth strategies |
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Fiscal Policy and Union Budget |
Budget formulation, Taxation policies |
Budget allocation, Fiscal deficit |
Budget impact on growth, Public sector spending |
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MSME |
Definition, Challenges, Schemes |
Government support, Role in GDP |
Economic recovery, Employment generation |
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Planning in India |
Five Year Plans relevance, NITI Aayog's role |
Development planning, Resource allocation |
Sustainable growth, Social welfare |
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Inflation |
Types of inflation, Causes, Control measures |
CPI, WPI, Inflation targeting |
Price stability, Cost of living |
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Financial Inclusion |
Accessibility to financial services, Mobile banking |
Financial literacy, Banking reforms |
Economic inclusion, Poverty reduction |
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Commercial banks, RBI, Financial institutions |
Monetary policy, Banking reforms |
Financial stability, Digital banking |
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APMC Act, NAM, MSP |
Agricultural markets, Minimum Support Price |
Reforms in agriculture, MSP schemes |
Agricultural growth, Rural development |
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World Economy |
Global trade, Economic organizations, Trade policies |
WTO, Global financial crisis |
Global trade relations, Protectionism |
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GDP and GNP |
Measurement, Differences, Growth drivers |
GDP calculation, National income |
Growth measurement, Economic health |
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Agriculture Schemes |
Subsidies, Government support for agriculture |
PM-KISAN, MSP, Krishi Sinchayee Yojana |
Agricultural reforms, Rural empowerment |
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HDI and Other Indexes |
Human Development Index, Global competitiveness rankings |
Quality of life, Education, Health |
Social welfare, National progress |
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Money Supply |
Liquidity, Money creation process |
Reserve Money, M3 money supply |
Inflation control, Monetary policy |
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GST |
Goods and Services Tax, Structure, Implementation |
Indirect tax reforms, GSTN |
Economic impact, Tax compliance |
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IMF, World Bank, etc. |
International financial organizations |
Financial assistance, Global development |
India’s role in global economy |
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National Income |
Calculation, Methods, Components |
GDP, GNP, Net National Income |
Income distribution, Economic growth |
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Tax Policies |
Tax reforms, Corporate tax policies |
Progressive tax system, Tax compliance |
Economic stability, Revenue generation |
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RBI |
Role in economy, Monetary policy, Regulation |
Inflation control, Financial market regulation |
Economic stability, Financial system |
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Monetary Policy |
Interest rates, Inflation targeting |
Repo rate, Reverse repo rate |
Economic growth, Price control |
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PDS |
Public Distribution System, Subsidy schemes |
Food security, Essential commodities |
Poverty alleviation, Food security |
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NITI Aayog |
Role in policy formulation, Think tank |
Sustainable development goals, Policy advocacy |
Social, Economic development |
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Investment Models |
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Public-Private Partnerships |
Infrastructure investment, Growth strategies |
Economic growth, Attracting investments |
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Foreign Trade Policy |
Export and import policies, WTO Agreements |
Trade facilitation, Balance of payments |
Global trade, Domestic production |
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SEBI |
Regulation of securities market, Investor protection |
Capital market reforms, Financial market regulation |
Investor confidence, Market stability |
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Money Market and Capital Market |
Short-term and long-term financial markets |
Debt and equity markets |
Economic growth, Investment opportunities |
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Food Processing Industries |
Value-added agriculture, Role in economy |
Agribusiness, Food exports |
Rural development, Agricultural economy |
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WTO, ILO, etc. |
Global trade organizations, Labour standards |
International trade, Labour rights |
Global economy, Trade relations |
Geography both physical & human is an essential part of UPSC syllabus. It covers everything from study of natural phenomena like climate change to India & World physical features. Topics such as drainage systems, landforms, environmental concerns like global warming are key to answering questions related to the planet’s health & its impact on world.
Topic |
Subtopics |
Key Concepts |
Relevant Issues |
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Interior of the Earth |
Earth’s layers, Composition, Movement |
Core, Mantle, Crust, Tectonic movements |
Earthquakes, Volcanoes |
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Drainage System |
Rivers, Watersheds, River basins |
Major rivers of India, Peninsular rivers |
Flood control, River management |
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Our Solar System |
Planets, Satellites, Comets, Asteroids |
Structure of solar system, Planetary motion |
Space exploration, Environmental impact |
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Earth’s Latitude |
Parallel lines, Climate zone distribution |
Equator, Tropics, Arctic and Antarctic Circles |
Global climate patterns, Geographic location |
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Climatology |
Climate types, Weather patterns, Climate change |
Monsoon, Precipitation, Atmospheric circulation |
Global warming, Regional weather changes |
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Natural Vegetation |
Forest types, Flora, Vegetation zones |
Tropical, Temperate, Coniferous forests |
Conservation, Deforestation |
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Longitude |
Meridian, Time zones, Longitudinal divisions |
Prime Meridian, Global positioning |
Time zone variations, Global trade impact |
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Physical features of India |
Mountains, Plateaus, Plains, Coastal features |
Himalayas, Western Ghats, Indo-Gangetic plains |
Geographical impact on agriculture and settlements |
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Energy Sources |
Renewable, Non-renewable, Conventional energy |
Solar, Wind, Coal, Petroleum |
Energy crisis, Sustainable energy policies |
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Landforms |
Types of landforms, Formation processes |
Mountains, Plateaus, Valleys, Hills |
Natural hazards, Geomorphological processes |
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Oceanography |
Ocean currents, Marine resources |
Ocean circulation, Marine biodiversity |
Climate influence, Coastal management |
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Agriculture (Irrigation, Cropping) |
Cropping patterns, Irrigation systems |
Rabi, Kharif, Zaid seasons |
Water management, Agricultural productivity |
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Minerals |
Mineral resources, Distribution |
Metallic, Non-metallic, Fossil fuels |
Sustainable mining, Resource management |
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El Niño and La Niña |
Impact on global climate |
Ocean-atmosphere interactions, Monsoon disruption |
Climate effects, Natural disaster prediction |
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Green Revolution |
Agricultural reforms, High-yield varieties |
Modern farming, Irrigation, Mechanization |
Food security, Environmental cost |
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Indian Rock Systems |
Major rock formations in India |
Aravallis, Deccan Plateau, Himalayas |
Geological studies, Mining industry impact |
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Types of Climate |
Tropical, Arid, Temperate, Cold climates |
Climatic regions in India, World climate zones |
Global climate change, Regional impacts |
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Soil |
Soil types, Properties, Fertility |
Alluvial, Black, Red, Desert soils |
Soil conservation, Agricultural productivity |
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Geographical Phenomenon |
Natural occurrences like Earthquakes, Volcanoes |
Plate tectonics, Fault lines |
Disaster management, Risk assessment |
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Atmosphere |
Composition, Layers, Weather phenomena |
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Ozone layer |
Air pollution, Greenhouse gases |
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Important Straits |
Malacca Strait, Palk Strait, Gibraltar Strait |
Strategic geographical locations |
International trade routes, Security issues |
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India’s Energy Policy |
Energy production, Usage, Alternative energy |
National Energy Policy, Renewable energy focus |
Energy security, Sustainability goals |
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River systems |
Major rivers, Watersheds, River valley development |
Ganga, Brahmaputra, Narmada, Godavari |
River management, Flood control |
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Earthquake |
Causes, Zones, Seismic activity |
Seismic waves, Faults, Earthquake-resistant structures |
Disaster management, Preparedness |
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Origin of Universe |
Big Bang Theory, Evolution of stars |
Solar system formation, Galactic development |
Space exploration, Cosmology |
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Heat Budget |
Earth’s heat balance, Solar radiation |
Incoming and outgoing energy |
Global warming, Energy absorption by Earth |
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Mapping in News |
Recent geographical changes, Land disputes |
Border conflicts, Natural disaster mapping |
Geopolitical stability, Mapping techniques |
History is one of largest sections in UPSC Prelims. The key areas include Ancient, Medieval, Modern Indian History. It’s essential to focus on development of Indian art & culture, important historical events like Revolt of 1857, significant movements such as Bhakti & Sufi movements. Modern history should particularly focus on Indian freedom struggle & formation of contemporary India.
Topic |
Subtopics |
Key Concepts |
Relevant Issues |
|
Art and Culture |
Classical arts, Cultural movements |
Dance forms, Music, Painting, Architecture |
Preservation of heritage, Cultural diversity |
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Ancient and Medieval History |
Prehistoric, Vedic, Mauryan, Gupta, Sultanate, Mughal |
Key dynasties, Historical evolution |
Political history, Social transformation |
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Ancient Architecture |
Temples, Forts, Monuments, Stupas |
Mauryan, Gupta, Chola, Mughal architecture |
Architectural heritage, Urban planning |
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Vedic Period |
Vedas, Rigveda, Upanishads |
Vedic civilization, Early religious texts |
Cultural development, Social structure |
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Pre-British Era |
Early kingdoms, South Indian dynasties |
Mauryan, Gupta, Chola, Vijayanagar empires |
Feudalism, Trade, Cultural exchange |
|
Classical Dances |
Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Odissi |
Dance traditions, Styles, Ritual dances |
Cultural significance, Evolution of art forms |
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Indus Valley Civilization |
Cities, Economy, Artifacts |
Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Script, Trade |
Urbanization, Decline, Archaeological findings |
|
Carnatic Wars |
Causes, Events, Impact |
Anglo-French rivalry, British supremacy |
Colonial expansion, Military history |
|
Hindustani and Carnatic Music |
Music styles, Key artists |
Raga, Tala, Classical Music |
Cultural heritage, Classical music tradition |
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Mauryan and Post Mauryan Era |
Chandragupta, Ashoka, Decline of Maurya |
Administration, Edicts of Ashoka, Successors |
Political unity, Spread of Buddhism |
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Gupta Period |
Empire, Achievements, Culture |
Golden Age of India, Literature, Science, Art |
Prosperity, Decline of Gupta dynasty |
|
Tribal Revolts |
Munda, Santhal, Bhil, etc. |
Resistance to colonial rule, Tribal culture |
Colonial impact, Social justice |
|
Revolt of 1857 |
Causes, Events, Aftermath |
Indian rebellion, British repression |
Nationalist movements, Colonial legacy |
|
Bhakti and Sufi Movement |
Saints, Spread, Teachings |
Kabir, Ramanuja, Guru Nanak, Sufism |
Social reforms, Religious syncretism |
|
Wood’s Dispatch |
Education reforms, Role in policy |
Modern education system introduction |
Colonial education policy |
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Coinage |
Ancient, Medieval, British India |
Punch-marked coins, Gupta gold coins |
Economic history, Currency system |
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Palas, Pallavas, Rashtrakutas, etc. |
Major dynasties, Art and culture |
Religion, Administration, Art |
Cultural and administrative legacies |
|
Hoysalas |
Art, Architecture, Dynasty history |
Temple architecture, Hoysala influence |
Cultural contributions, Art preservation |
|
Edakkal Caves |
Rock art, Prehistoric significance |
Archaeological site in Kerala |
Early human civilization, Archaeological insights |
|
Tungnath Temple |
History, Architecture |
Mythological significance, Temple structure |
Pilgrimage, Cultural tourism |
|
Ancient Sculpture |
Stone, Bronze, Terracotta sculpture |
Art forms in ancient India |
Artistic heritage, Cultural development |
|
Cholas |
Empire, Art, Culture |
Chola architecture, Naval power |
Historical governance, Influence on Southeast Asia |
|
Delhi Sultanate |
Mamluks, Khalji, Tughlaq, Lodi |
Administration, Military expansion, Architecture |
Political transitions, Islamic rule |
|
Vijayanagara |
Kingdom, Economy, Culture |
Hampi, Tuluva Dynasty, Trade |
Economic prosperity, Decline of Vijayanagar |
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Mughal Empire |
Babur to Aurangzeb, Art, Architecture |
Mughal dynasty, Administration, Literature |
Centralized governance, Cultural integration |
|
Gandhian Era |
Non-cooperation, Salt March, Quit India Movement |
Mahatma Gandhi, Satyagraha, Civil disobedience |
Nationalist movement, Political philosophy |
|
INC Sessions |
Key sessions, Leaders, Role in independence movement |
Congress resolutions, Major events |
Nationalist politics, Constitutional development |
|
Cabinet Mission |
Formation, Role in partition and independence |
Constituent Assembly, Role of key leaders |
Independence, Constitutional transition |
|
Personalities |
Leaders, Reformers, Social activists |
Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Lala Lajpat Rai, Subhas Chandra Bose |
Nationalism, Social reform, Political movements |
Science & Technology are ever evolving fields that influence almost every aspect of modern life. For UPSC Prelims topics like biotechnology, nanotechnology, advancements in space science are crucial. Emerging technologies such as 5G, Artificial Intelligence, cybersecurity are frequent areas for questions. Additionally it’s essential to be upto date with key national projects.
In this regard, IASGYAN an online education initiative by Online IAS Coaching in Bhubaneswar APTI PLUS institute has been working relentlessly to provide pedagogic resources, research policies, & National-Level Test Series Programs that are top-notch in terms of quality. Resources include - Daily News Analysis, Sansad TV discussion, Gist of PIB-Yojana-Kurukshetra, Mind-Maps, Daily Videos, Daily Quizzes, Important Report Analysis, in-house Journal- The IAS Gazette & many more.
Topic |
Subtopics |
Key Concepts |
Relevant Issues |
|
Basic Science |
Physics, Chemistry, Biology |
Fundamental principles of science |
Scientific foundations, Technological advancements |
|
Biomolecules |
Proteins, Enzymes, DNA, RNA |
Structure, Function, Role in life processes |
Biotechnology, Medical science |
|
IoT, AI, VR, etc. |
Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Reality |
Automation, Data Analytics, Smart Systems |
Future technologies, Digital transformation |
|
Biotechnology |
Genetic engineering, CRISPR, Stem cells |
Biotechnology innovations in medicine, Agriculture |
Ethics, Healthcare revolution |
|
5G |
Technology, Spectrum, Applications |
Faster internet, Enhanced connectivity |
Digital infrastructure, Telecommunication |
|
LIGO India Project |
Gravitational waves detection |
Einstein's theory of relativity, Interferometry |
Space research, Global collaboration |
|
Nanotechnology |
Nanomaterials, Nanoelectronics, Nanomedicine |
Nano-engineering, Application in medicine and industry |
Health safety, Nanotech regulations |
|
Geostationary v/s Geosynchronous |
Satellite orbits, Communication Satellites |
Orbit types, Earth-station communication |
Space technology, Satellite communication |
|
GPS |
Global Positioning System |
Navigation, Satellite positioning |
Applications in transport, Disaster management |
|
Cyber Surakshit Bharat |
Cybersecurity initiatives in India |
Protection of cyberspace, Government schemes |
Data privacy, Cyber threats |
|
Proba-3 Mission |
Solar and space research |
ESA's space mission to study the Sun |
Solar science, International space research |
|
Space Science and Technology Awareness Training (START) |
Space research, Training in space technologies |
India’s space achievements, Skill development |
Space exploration, Capacity building |
|
Genetic Engineering |
Genetic modifications, GMOs |
Techniques, Applications in agriculture and medicine |
Ethics, Environmental impact |
|
Indian Missile System |
BrahMos, Agni, Surface-to-air missiles |
Strategic defense, Nuclear deterrence |
National security, Defence technology |
|
Mission Chandrayaan-3 |
Moon mission, ISRO's space exploration |
Lunar science, Lunar landing |
Space exploration, National pride |
|
Diseases |
Infectious, Non-communicable diseases |
Preventive measures, Vaccines |
Public health, Global health challenges |
|
Human Genome Project |
Genome sequencing, DNA mapping |
Genetic disorders, Personalized medicine |
Bioinformatics, Health advancements |
|
Vitamins and Fats |
Nutrients, Metabolism |
Role in body function, Dietary requirements |
Health and nutrition, Public awareness |
|
Quantum Computing |
Qubits, Superposition, Entanglement |
Future of computing, Speed and power of quantum computers |
Technological innovation, Computing power |
|
Blockchain Technology |
Distributed Ledger, Cryptocurrencies |
Transparency, Security, Decentralized data management |
Financial applications, Security concerns |
|
Food Preservatives |
Preservation techniques, Additives |
Chemical preservatives, Natural preservatives |
Food safety, Public health |
|
Cybersecurity |
Data protection, Ethical hacking |
Prevention of cyber attacks, Cyber laws |
Data security, Global cyber threats |
|
Nuclear Power |
Fission, Fusion, Nuclear reactors |
Energy generation, Nuclear energy advancements |
Energy policy, Sustainability, Environmental impact |
|
Semiconductor |
Chips, Microprocessors, Manufacturing |
Role in electronic devices, Integrated Circuits |
Tech industry, Global semiconductor competition |
|
Hydrocarbon extraction |
Oil, Gas, Natural resources |
Exploration, Refining, Distribution |
Energy dependency, Environmental impact |
|
God Particle |
Higgs Boson, Particle physics |
Discovery, Standard Model of physics |
Scientific breakthroughs, Global research |
Environmental issues have gained significant importance in recent years. Topics such as biodiversity conservation, climate change, pollution, impact of human activities on the environment should be thoroughly covered. Understanding international conventions & national/international policies is necessary to form a comprehensive grasp on India’s environmental landscape.
Topic |
Subtopics |
Key Concepts |
Relevant Issues |
|
Basics of Environment |
Ecology, Environment science |
Ecosystem services, Conservation |
Environmental sustainability, Human-nature relationship |
|
Environmental Impact Assessment |
EIA Process, Types of assessments |
Environmental degradation, Legal framework |
Project evaluation, Environmental protection |
|
Ozone Depletion |
Ozone layer, Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) |
UV radiation, Ozone hole |
International agreements, Environmental health |
|
Ecosystems |
Types, Structure, Functions |
Energy flow, Food webs |
Biodiversity, Ecosystem balance |
|
Population Ecology |
Population dynamics, Growth models |
Carrying capacity, Density dependent factors |
Overpopulation, Resource management |
|
Ocean Acidification |
CO2 absorption by oceans, pH levels |
Impact on marine life, Coral reefs |
Climate change, Marine conservation |
|
Nutrient Cycle |
Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus cycles |
Soil fertility, Ecosystem productivity |
Land management, Agriculture |
|
Biodiversity |
Types of biodiversity, Endangered species |
Species richness, Genetic diversity |
Conservation, Loss of biodiversity |
|
Global Warming |
Greenhouse gases, Global temperature rise |
Climate change effects, Carbon footprints |
Climate policy, Renewable energy |
|
Pollution Types |
Air, Water, Soil, Noise, Light |
Sources, Effects, Control measures |
Pollution control, Public health |
|
Critically Endangered Animals |
Red data list, Conservation status |
Endangered species, Conservation strategies |
Wildlife protection, Extinction risk |
|
Indian Bio-Geographical Classification |
Ecosystems of India |
Physiographic regions, Biomes |
Regional conservation, Natural resource management |
|
Ecology |
Ecosystem, Biomes, Trophic levels |
Energy flow, Food webs |
Ecological balance, Environmental restoration |
|
Biodiversity Conservation Initiatives |
Project Tiger, Biodiversity hotspots |
In-situ and ex-situ conservation |
National parks, Wildlife sanctuaries |
|
Carbon Mitigation Strategies |
Carbon trading, Carbon capture technologies |
Emission reduction, Renewable energy |
Climate agreements, Global warming reduction |
|
Environmental Degradation |
Deforestation, Desertification |
Land degradation, Habitat destruction |
Land restoration, Policy frameworks |
|
Environment Acts and Policies (WPA 1972) |
Forest Rights Act, Environmental Protection Act |
Wildlife Protection Act, EIA regulations |
Legal frameworks, Environment conservation |
|
Climate Change Organisations |
UNFCCC, IPCC, Paris Agreement |
International climate action |
Global cooperation, Emission reduction goals |
|
Waste Management |
Solid waste, E-waste, Recycling |
Waste segregation, Composting |
Circular economy, Pollution reduction |
|
Wildlife Sanctuary and National Parks |
Protected areas, Habitat conservation |
Conservation of flora and fauna |
Biodiversity conservation, Ecotourism |
|
Mangrove Sites |
Coastal ecosystems, Mangrove forests |
Biodiversity, Erosion control |
Habitat protection, Climate change resilience |
|
Environmental Conventions |
Kyoto Protocol, Rio Earth Summit |
Global environmental agreements |
International cooperation, Policy frameworks |
|
Project Tiger |
Tiger reserves, Conservation efforts |
Biodiversity hotspots, Wildlife protection |
Endangered species, National park conservation |
|
Animal and Plant Species in News |
Recent findings, Conservation efforts |
Impact of human activities, Research updates |
Environmental activism, Scientific discoveries |
CSAT assesses an aspirant ability in logical reasoning, quantitative aptitude, general mental ability. Key topics such as data interpretation, logical puzzles, reasoning exercises form backbone of this paper. A strong foundation in these areas ensures that aspirants can approach problem solving with ease which is crucial to clearing exam. APTI PLUS best IAS coaching in Kolkata CSAT clearing strategy ensures that even aspirants from non-mathematical backgrounds can confidently clear the CSAT paper.
Topic |
Subtopics |
Key Concepts |
Relevant Areas |
|
Quantitative Aptitude |
Average, HCF and LCM, Probability |
Arithmetic problems, Number theory |
Calculation speed, Mental arithmetic |
|
Reasoning |
Statements, Assumptions, and Conclusions |
Logical reasoning, Critical thinking |
Deductive reasoning, Analytical thinking |
|
Age Related Questions |
Age calculation problems |
Simple age-related puzzles |
Problem-solving, Time-based reasoning |
|
Number Series |
Pattern recognition, Sequences |
Arithmetic and geometric sequences |
Identifying trends, Completing series |
|
Linear Equations |
Solving linear equations, Graph interpretation |
Algebraic equations, Graphical analysis |
Solving for variables, Relations between variables |
|
Profit and Loss |
Percentage profit, Loss calculation |
Simple profit/loss, Discounts, and markups |
Financial reasoning, Percentage-based problems |
|
Ratio Proportion |
Solving ratio and proportion problems |
Ratios, Proportions, Variation |
Business/market-based applications |
|
Time, Speed, and Distance |
Relative speed, Distance-time calculations |
Speed, distance, and time relationships |
Travel, Logistics, and Movement |
|
Time and Work |
Work completion problems |
Work efficiency, Worker-time relationships |
Productivity and efficiency analysis |
|
Permutation and Combination |
Arrangements and selections |
Factorial calculations, Probability concepts |
Combinatorics, Probability, Strategy games |
|
Percentage |
Percentage increase, Decrease |
Calculations involving percentage changes |
Financial analysis, Price and discount problems |
|
Mixture and Alligation |
Mixing solutions, Alloy problems |
Weighted averages, Mixture problems |
Chemistry, Market-related scenarios |
|
Syllogism |
Logical deductions, Truth tables |
Valid/invalid conclusions, Logical structures |
Deductive reasoning, Inference-making |
|
Data Sufficiency |
Decision-making from given data |
Analyzing problem-solving data |
Logical reasoning and decision-making |
|
Blood Relations |
Family tree, Relationship puzzles |
Understanding familial relationships |
Logical reasoning, Family dynamics |
|
Clocks and Calendars |
Time calculation, Calendar-related questions |
Time intervals, Dates, Months, Year cycles |
Calendar calculations, Timepiece puzzles |
|
Puzzles |
Logical puzzles, Problem-solving |
Analytical thinking, Logical deduction |
Mind exercise, Strategy and patterns |
|
Direction Sense |
Finding directions, Relative positions |
North, South, East, West, Directional clues |
Spatial reasoning, Navigation |
|
Venn Diagram |
Set theory, Relations between sets |
Intersections, Unions, Complementary sets |
Visual reasoning, Set theory concepts |
|
Coding - Decoding |
Word/Number puzzles |
Pattern recognition, Coding schemes |
Symbolic interpretation, Logical puzzles |
|
Alphabet Series |
Letter pattern recognition |
Alphabetical sequence patterns, Word puzzles |
Logical reasoning, Pattern completion |
|
Cubes |
Visualizing 3D figures |
Cube problems, Counting cubes |
Spatial awareness, Visual puzzles |
|
Circular and Linear Arrangements |
Seating arrangement, Positioning |
Permutations, Seating order problems |
Analytical reasoning, Logical deductions |
Mock tests are the cornerstone of UPSC preparation. APTI PLUS offers full-length GS & CSAT tests designed to simulate the actual exam environment. Regular mock tests of this best IAS coaching in Bhubaneshwar help in:
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