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Important Treaties, Conventions and Protocols

30th October, 2022 Prelims

All you need to know about International Treaties and Agreements - iPleaders

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With the growing urge among nations to stick together united in the era of globalization, Treaties, Conventions and Protocols are very important. The major difference between the difference between Treaty, Convention & Protocols are detailed below:

  1. Treaties:- Treaty is an agreement in written form between nation states (or international agencies, that have been given treaty making capacity by the states that created them) that is intended to establish a relationship governed by International Law.
  1. Convention:- It is a meeting or formal assembly, as of representatives or delegates, for discussion of and action on particular matters of common concern.
  1. Protocols:- It is an official procedure or system of rules governing affairs of state or diplomatic occasions.

Here is a list of important International Treaties, Conventions and Protocols. They cover the most significant points in International history and have helped in shaping International Law, Human Rights, etc.

 

List of Treaties, Conventions and Protocols

 

Sl No

Name

Purpose

Signed

Organisation

1

Paris Agreement

Aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels

2015

Action Plan of the UNFCC

2

Brundtland Report

Gave concept of Sustainable Development

1987

 

3

Agenda 21

Action agenda for the UN that can be executed at local, national and global level

1992

Action Plan of the UN

4

World Heritage Convention

Defines the kind of natural &cultural sites which can be considered as World Heritage Site under UNESCO

1988

Multilateral Environment Agreement

5

Vienna Convention

Framework on Protection of Ozone Layer

1988

Multilateral Environment Agreement

6

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

Framework for Conservation of Wetlands & their Resources

1971

 

7

Convention on International Trades in Endangered

Protection of Wild Animals and Plants from Illegal trade to save their life

1963

International Union of Conservation of Nature

8

Kyoto Protocol

Set Emission Target for Developed Countries

1997

UNFCC

9

Montreal Protocol

Agreement to Protect the Ozone Layer by phasing out Production and Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances

1987 -

 

10

Minamata Convention

Protection of Human Health and Environment from the Harmful Effect of Mercury

2013

UN Treaty

11

Bonn Convention

Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals

1983

United Nations Environment Programme

12

UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

To Stabilize Greenhouse Gas Concentration in Atmosphere

1992

InterGovernmental Treaty

13

Basel Convention

To Reduce the Movements of Hazardous Waste

1989

 

14

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

To Eliminate or Restrict the Use and Production of Persistent Organic Pollutants

2001

Stockholm, Sweden

15

Benzene convention

Prevention from Toxic Substances arising from Benzene

1971

 

16

UN Convention on the Law of the Sea

For Rights & Responsibilities of Nations for Use of Ocean Water and established Guidelines for Marine Natural Resources

1982

 

17

Convention on Biological Diversity

Conservation of Biological Diversity and Sustainable Use of Components of Biological Diversity

1993

 

18

Convention of Desertification

To Combat Desertification and Mitigate the Effects of Drought through National Action Programs

1994

United Nation

19

Barcelona Convention  

Protection of Mediterranean Sea from Pollution

1976

United Nation Environmental Programme

20

Rotterdam Convention

The Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade

1998

UN treaty

21

Nagoya Protocol

Access to Genetic Resources and Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity

2010

Second Protocol on CBD

22

Cartagena Protocol

Protect Biological Diversity from the Risks Posed by Genetically Modified Organisms

2000

First Protocol on CBD

23

Nairobi Declaration

Agreement Between the Parties to work for the Prosperity of Western Indian Ocean Region

1985

UN Environment's Regional Seas Programme

24

Helsinki Declaration

Set of Ethics for Human Experimentation developed for Medical Community

1964

 

25

Geneva Protocol

Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare

1925

 

26

CITES Convention

CITES (The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty that was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of the international Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

1963

IUCN

27

Bamako Convention

Convention of African nation which bans the importation into Africa and the control of trans boundary movement and management of hazardous waste within Africa

1991