UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE) is one of most competitive exams in India requiring a broad understanding of various subjects including governance, international relations, economics, environment & society. To excel in this exam candidates must keep themselves updated on global trends, data & reports across a wide range of domains. Global reports such as World Economic Outlook, Global Competitiveness Report, Global Human Development Report etc offer valuable insights into various aspects of development, economics & governance. These reports serve as authoritative resources for understanding the current global challenges & responses of different nations making them critical part of preparation for UPSC CSE.

Important Reports 

1. Global Human Development Report

Human Development Report 2023/24 titled Breaking the Gridlock: Reimagining Cooperation in a Polarized World was released by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 2024. This report assesses challenges arising from uneven development progress, escalating inequality & increasing political polarization emphasizing need for effective multilateral cooperation. 

• Global Human Development Index (HDI):The report provides updated HDI values for 2022 reflecting latest data on life expectancy, education & income. While specific rankings are detailed in the report countries such as Norway, Switzerland, Ireland continue to lead in human development. 
• India's HDI Ranking:India's HDI value for 2022 is 644 placing it at 134th out of 193 countries and territories.
• Inequality-Adjusted HDI (IHDI):The report also presents the IHDI which accounts for inequality in each dimension of human development.
• The Human Development Report is typically published annually providing updated analyses and data on global human development trends.

2. World Economic Outlook Report

• Focus: Analyzes global economic growth, fiscal policies, inflation, financial market risks & outlook for developed & developing economies.
• Purpose: Provides economic projections & policy recommendations to support sustainable economic growth and stability across countries. It gives overview of global economic challenges and solutions.
• Source: International Monetary Fund
• October 2024 edition titled "Policy Pivot, Rising Threats" offers insights into global growth, inflation, policy recommendations. 

3. Global Competitiveness Report

• Focus: Assesses competitiveness based on economic stability, infrastructure, innovation capacity as well as labor market efficiency.
• Purpose: Measures how well economies perform relative to others in terms of productivity and sustainable long term growth. It guides policymakers on areas requiring improvement to boost national competitiveness.
• Source: World Economic Forum
• The GCR evaluates countries based on the Global Competitiveness Index which comprises over 100 variables organized into 12 pillars: Institutions, Infrastructure, Macroeconomic Stability, Health, Education and Skills, Product Market, Labor Market, Financial System, Market Size, Business Dynamism, Innovation Capability, Digital Transformation.
• In the 2020 report top five economies were: Singapore, Denmark, Switzerland, Netherlands, Hong Kong SAR. India ranked 68th in the 2020 report.
• GCR is typically published annually offering updated analyses and rankings based on latest data.

4. World Bank Global Economic Prospects

• Focus: Highlights global economic trends focusing on emerging economies & potential for growth. It includes projections on trade, investment & growth patterns.
• Purpose: To provide insights & forecasts for economic future identifying growth challenges & recommending strategies for addressing them.
• Source: World Bank
• It is published semiannually most recent in Jan 2025. The global economy is projected to expand by 2.7% in both 2025 and 2026 maintaining growth rate observed in 2024.
• India is anticipated to maintain its position as the fastest growing major economy with forecasted growth rate of 6.7% in both 2025 and 2026.

5. Global Innovation Index

• Focus: Ranks countries based on their innovation performance focusing on pillars like research, infrastructure, business sophistication & human capital.
• Purpose: Aims to highlight factors that make nations innovative & provide guidance for improving innovation related policies.
• Source: Annually by Cornell University, INSEAD & WIPO
• For the 14th consecutive year in 2024 Switzerland leads the GII rankings followed by Sweden, the United States, Singapore & United Kingdom. India ranks 40^th.
• GII evaluates economies based on two sub-indices: Innovation Input Sub-Index and Innovation Output Sub-Index.

6. Global Gender Gap Report

• Focus: Measures gender equality across countries in areas like economic participation, political empowerment, education & health.
• Purpose: Tracks progress toward closing gender gap & provides policy recommendations for improving gender equality worldwide.
• Source: Annually by World Economic Forum
• The countries leading in gender parity are: Iceland, Norway, Finland, New Zealand, Sweden

7. World Development Report

• Focus: Explores development challenges including economic policies, health, education, poverty & social inequalities.
• Purpose: Provides insights into development strategies for improving human well being, poverty reduction & sustainability of growth.
• Source: Annually by World Bank
• The 2024 report identifies "middle-income trap" where countries experience stagnation in per capita income growth hindering their progression to high income status. 

8. Global Financial Stability Report

• Focus: Examines global financial markets and identifies risks to financial stability including emerging vulnerabilities in financial systems.
• Purpose: To give recommendations for improving global financial systems & ensuring stability through policy frameworks.
• Source: Semi annually by International Monetary Fund

9. Ease of Doing Business Report

• Focus: Assesses business environment of countries including factors like starting business, access to finance & dealing with construction permits.
• Purpose: Encourages countries to implement business friendly reforms enhancing ease of doing business and supporting entrepreneurial growth.
• Source: Was annual by World Bank Group. Discontinued in 2021.
• In October 2024 World Bank introduced Business Ready aiming to provide comprehensive and accurate assessment of business climates. This new approach evaluates economies based on three criteria: Quality of Regulation, Effectiveness of Public Services, Operational Efficiencies

10. Ease of Living Index

• Focus: Measures quality of life & sustainability in cities based on factors like economic stability, housing, health & environment.
• Purpose: Helps cities evaluate & improve quality of living by offering benchmarks & strategies for improving urban life.
• Source: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs Government of India

11. World Happiness Report

• Focus: Ranks countries based on citizens self reported happiness levels considering factors like income, social support & life expectancy.
• Purpose: To encourage countries to invest in policies that improve citizens happiness and well being.
• Source: Annually by United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network & edited by researchers from Columbia University Earth Institute.
• Lithuania ranks as the happiest country for individuals under 30, Denmark is identified as the happiest nation for those aged 60 and above. Finland tops the rankings. India ranks 126th out of 137 countries.

12. Global Talent Competitiveness Index

• Focus: Measures countries ability to attract, develop & retain talent through policies that support education, skills & job opportunities.
• Purpose: Helps nations enhance their competitiveness by focusing on attracting and developing the best talent,which is key for innovation and long term economic growth.
• Source: Annually by INSEAD, Adecco Group & Human Capital Leadership Institute of Singapore
• Top-Ranked Countries: Switzerland, Singapore, United States. India ranks 58th globally out of 134 showing a decline.

13. Global Corruption Report

• Focus: Assesses state of corruption globally examining effects on societies, businesses & governments.
• Purpose: Raises awareness of impacts of corruption & provides recommendations for governments and businesses to fight corruption effectively.
• Source: Annually by Transparency International
• Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 2024 published by Transparency International ranks 180 countries and territories based on perceived levels of public sector corruption using a scale from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). India at 96th place globally. Denmark, Finland, Singapore lead index. South Sudan, Somalia, and Venezuela are at bottom.

14. World Press Freedom Index

• Focus: Measures level of press freedom in countries based on the environment for journalists, media pluralism & freedom of expression.
• Purpose: To promote press freedom as fundamental human right and encourage policies that protect journalists.
• Source: Annually by Reporters Without Borders.
• The countries with the highest levels of press freedom are: Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Netherlands, Ireland.
• India is ranked 161st out of 180 countries in 2024.

15. Global Financial System Report

• Focus: Analyzes risks to global financial system focusing on emerging financial systems and vulnerabilities in key sectors.
• Purpose: Gives recommendations for strengthening financial systems and improving resilience to shocks.
• Source: Annually by Bank for International Settlements

16. Global Energy Architecture Performance Index Report

• Focus: Evaluates energy systems of countries based on sustainability, affordability, energy security.
• Purpose: Helps nations understand & improve their energy systems for better sustainability reducing carbon footprints & improving energy security.
• Source: Annually by World Economic Forum till 2017.
• In 2018 WEF transitioned from the EAPI to Energy Transition Index (ETI) benchmarking 120 countries on their current energy system performance and transition readiness emphasizing balance between equity, security & sustainability.
• In 2024 Sweden led ETI rankings with a score of 78.4 followed closely by Denmark and Finland

17. World Wildlife Crime Report

• Focus: Examines global trends in wildlife crime focusing on illegal wildlife trade and impacts on biodiversity.
• Purpose: Raises awareness of wildlife crimes & gives recommendations for tackling them at national and international levels.
• Source: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
• 3^rd edition published in 2024 provides a comprehensive analysis of illicit wildlife trade from 2015 to 2021.

18. ICT Development Index

• Focus: Tracks development of information and communication technology infrastructure and services across countries.
• Purpose: Aims to evaluate digital divide and give insights on policies to close gap in access to information technology.
• Source: Annually by United Nations International Telecommunication Union
• Average IDI score among 170 economies assessed reached 74.8 out of 100 in 2024 marking 3.3% increase from previous year. India achieved a score of 71.3 positioning it at 93rd out of 173 countries.

19. World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Living Planet Report

• Focus: Assesses the health of planet by analyzing biodiversity trends and impacts of human activity on ecosystems.
• Purpose: To raise awareness about environmental degradation & advocate for policies to protect planet biodiversity.
• Source: World Wide Fund for Nature

20. Global Slavery Index

• Focus: Measures prevalence of modern slavery around world including forced labor and human trafficking.
• Purpose: Highlights magnitude of modern slavery problem and provides framework for combating it through policy interventions.
• Source: Walk Free Foundation
• Countries with the highest prevalence rates include North Korea, Eritrea, Mauritania.
  

21. Global Social Mobility Index

• Focus: Assesses ability of individuals to improve their social and economic status focusing on access to quality education, healthcare, jobs.
• Purpose: To encourage governments promote social mobility & create policies that help individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds.
• Source: Annually by World Economic Forum

22. Global Education Monitoring Report

• Focus: Tracks global progress on education focusing on policy, access, quality, outcomes in education systems worldwide.
• Purpose: To provide policy guidance to improve global education systems and ensure education equity.
• Source: UNESCO

23. World Trade Outlook Indicator

• Focus: Provides insights into state of global trade including short term indicators such as trade volumes, export orders & prices.
• Purpose: Helps policymakers and business leaders understand current state of trade and make informed decisions regarding future trade strategies.
• Source: World Trade Organization

24. Global Environmental Performance Index

• Focus: Measures environmental health of countries based on pollution, climate change mitigation & resource conservation.
• Purpose: Encourages nations to enhance their environmental policies for better sustainability & improved global ecological health.
• Source: Annually by Yale University & Columbia University
• The leading countries in the 2024 EPI are: Estonia, Luxembourg, Germany, Finland, United Kingdom. India is ranked 176.

25. World Investment Report

• Focus: Tracks foreign direct investment flows highlighting global investment trends & regional variations.
• Purpose: To provide insights into global investment patterns & guide policymakers on how to attract and manage foreign investments.
• Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

List of Major Reports

Report Name	Organization	Link
Ease of Doing Business World Bank	World Bank	Link
World Development Report	World Bank	Link
Global Economic Prospect (GEP) Report	World Bank	Link
Remittance Report	World Bank	Link
Ease of Living Index	World Bank	Link
India Development Update	World Bank	Link
Universal Health Coverage Index	World Bank	Link
The Service Trade Restriction Index	World Bank	Link
Global Financial Stability Report	International Monetary Fund (IMF)	Link
World Economic Outlook	IMF	Link
Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)	Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)	Link
World Trade Outlook Indicator	World Trade Organization (WTO)	Link
Global Information Technology Report	World Economic Forum (WEF)
Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report	WEF	Link
Global Competitiveness Report	WEF	Link
Enabling Trade Report	WEF
Global Energy Architecture Performance Index Report	WEF
Global Environment Performance Index	WEF
World Power Language Index	WEF
Inclusive Development Index	WEF
Human Capital Index	WEF
Global Gender Gap Index	WEF
Global Financial System Report	Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
Global Money Laundering Report	Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
Global Education Monitoring Report	UNESCO	Link
Gender Parity Index	UNESCO	Link
Report on Regular Resources	UNICEF
The State of the World's Children Reports	UNICEF
Global Report on Trafficking in Persons	UNODC
World Drug Report	UNODC
World Wildlife Crime Report	UNODC
ICT Development Index	UN-ITU
E-government Readiness Index (EGDI)	UNPAP	Link
E-participation Index	UNPAP	Link
E-government Development Index	UNPAP	Link
The Global Report	UNHCR	Link
World Investment Report	UNCTAD	Link
The Trade & Development Report	UNCTAD	Link
The Least Developed Countries Report	UNCTAD	Link
The Information Economy Report	UNCTAD
The Technology and Innovation Report	UNCTAD
Reports on Counterfeiting and Organized Crime	UNICRI	Link
Industrial Development Report	UNIDO	Link
Global Assessment Report	UNDP
State of World Population Report	UNFPA
World Economic Situation and Prospectus Report	UN-DESA	Link
World's Women Report – Once in 5 Years	UN-DESA	Link
World Cities Report	UN-Habitat	Link
Habitat Commitment Index	UN-Habitat	Link
Levels and Trends in Child Mortality Report	WHO	Link
World Disaster Risk Index	UNISDR	Link
World Happiness Report	UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN)	Link
World Social Protection Report	ILO
World Employment and Social Outlook	ILO	Link
World of Work Report	ILO
Global Wage Report	ILO
Gender Inequality Index	UNDP
Education Development Index	UNDP	Link
Youth Development Index	UNDP	Link
Global Corruption Index	Transparency International	Link
Global Trust Barometer	Edelman
World Press Freedom Index	Reporters Without Borders	Link
Agriculture and Food Security Report	FAO	Link
Poverty and Social Exclusion Report	ILO
Food Crisis and Vulnerability Assessment Report	FAO	Link
World Food Programme Report	WFP
Asia-Pacific Economic Outlook	ADB
Asian Development Outlook	ADB
Transnational Crime Report	UNODC
Development Co-operation Report	OECD
Regional Economic Outlook for Asia and the Pacific	ADB
Doing Business in India Report	World Bank	Link
South Asia Development Report	ADB
Global Internet Economy Report	Google	Link
Global Benchmark for Education and Skills	OECD
National Strategy on Education Report	Government of India	Link
State of India’s Financial Sector Report	Reserve Bank of India	Link
Economic Survey of India	Ministry of Finance, India	Link
National Health Profile Report	Ministry of Health, Government of India	Link
Healthcare Investment Report	Government of India	Link
The Changing Face of Healthcare in India Report	IBEF	Link
Policy Research Report	NITI Aayog	Link
World Education and Skills Report	UNESCO	Link
State of Women in Agriculture Report	FAO	Link
India: Key Economic Indicators	India Ministry of Finance	Link
Indian Government e-Governance Reports	Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, India	Link
Global Communication Technology Report	UN
Education Globalization and Integration Report	UN	Link
Policy Framework for Global Environmental Development	UN	Link
Climate Action Global Report	UNFCCC	Link
Agricultural Report: Trends & Development	FAO	Link
Digital Economy Report	UNCTAD	Link
Digital Transformation Report	UNDP	Link
The Future of Work Report	ILO	Link
Global ICT Report	UN
Urbanization Trends Report	UN-Habitat	Link
Redefining Globalization Report	World Economic Forum	Link
Global Smart Manufacturing Report	World Economic Forum	Link
Smart Cities and Technologies Report	WEF	Link
The Future of Sustainability Report	World Economic Forum	Link
Energy Transition Report	WEF	Link
Digital Economy and Transformation Report	OECD	Link
Financial System Report	IMF	Link
The Emerging Economic Trends Report	WEF	Link
Global Energy Efficiency Report	IEA	Link
Sustainable Development Goals Report	UN	Link
Energy Consumption in Emerging Economies Report	IEA	Link
Global Water Efficiency Report	UNDP	Link
Human Development Report	UNDP
SDG Report 2022	UN	Link
Global Strategy for Healthcare Development Report	WHO	Link
Sustainable Urban Development Report	UN-Habitat	Link
Regional Economic Development Report	UN	Link
Women in Science Report	UNESCO	Link
The Blue Economy Report	UNDP	Link
Technology and Innovation Report	UN	Link
Climate Change Adaptation Report	UNFCCC	Link
Water Security Report	UNESCO	Link
Sustainable Energy Development Report	IEA	Link
Employment and Social Protection Report	ILO	Link
Renewable Energy Future Report	IEA	Link
Industrial Efficiency Report	UNIDO	Link
Innovation for Sustainable Development Report	UNDP	Link
Digital Transformation of India Report	Government of India	Link
Development of the Indian Economy Report	Reserve Bank of India	Link
Indian Agriculture Investment Outlook Report	NITI Aayog	Link
Indian Smart Cities Report	Ministry of Urban Affairs	Link
India Health Infrastructure Report	Ministry of Health	Link
India Digital Health Report	Ministry of Health	Link
India SDG Development Report	NITI Aayog	Link
India Financial Inclusion Report	Government of India	Link
Indian International Trade Report	Ministry of Commerce & Industry	Link
Indian Healthcare Growth and Development Report	FICCI	Link
Urban Governance Report	UN-Habitat	Link
Infrastructure Investment and Development Report	Ministry of Finance, India	Link
Indian Smart Cities Report	Smart Cities Mission, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs	Link
India Rural Development Report	Ministry of Rural Development
Climate Change Adaptation Report	Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change	Link
Urban Sustainability Report	UN-Habitat	Link
India Digital Transformation 2030 Report	NITI Aayog	Link
Energy Transition Report	Ministry of Power
India Economic Growth Report	Reserve Bank of India	Link
India Green Development Report	NITI Aayog	Link
India Urbanization Report	Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs	Link
Agricultural Innovation and Productivity Report	ICAR	Link
India's Rural and Urban Development Report	Ministry of Rural Development
India's Economic and Trade Strategy Report	Ministry of Commerce and Industry	Link
India's Financial Inclusion Strategy Report	Reserve Bank of India	Link

Frequency of Publishing of Major Reports

Report Name	Frequency	Report Name	Frequency
Ease of Doing Business World Bank	Annual	World Development Report World Bank	Annual
Global Economic Prospect (GEP) Report World Bank	Biannual	Remittance Report World Bank	Annual
Ease of Living Index World Bank	Annual	India Development Update World Bank	Annual
Universal Health Coverage Index World Bank	Annual	The Service Trade Restriction Index World Bank	Annual
Global Financial Stability Report IMF	Biannual	World Economic Outlook IMF	Biannual
The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)	Triennial	World Trade Outlook Indicator WTO	Quarterly
Global Information Technology Report World Economic Forum	Annual	Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report WEF	Annual
Global Competitiveness Report WEF	Annual	Enabling Trade Report WEF	Annual
Global Energy Architecture Performance Index Report WEF	Annual	Global Environment Performance Index WEF	Annual
World Power Language Index WEF	Annual	Inclusive Development Index WEF	Annual
Human Capital Index WEF	Annual	Global Gender Gap Index WEF	Annual
Global Financial System Report Bank for International Settlements	Annual	Global Money Laundering Report Financial Action Task Force (FATF)	Annual
Global Education Monitoring Report UNESCO	Annual	Gender Parity Index UNESCO	Annual
Report on Regular Resources UNICEF	Annual	The State of the World's Children Reports UNICEF	Annual
Global Report on Trafficking in Persons UNODC	Annual	World Drug Report UNODC	Annual
World Wildlife Crime Report UNODC	Annual	ICT Development Index UN-ITU	Annual
E-government Readiness Index (EGDI) UNPAP	Annual	E-participation Index UNPAP	Annual
E-government Development Index UNPAP	Annual	The Global Report UNHCR	Annual
World Investment Report UNCTAD	Annual	The Trade & Development Report UNCTAD	Annual
The Least Developed Countries Report UNCTAD	Annual	The Information Economy Report UNCTAD	Annual
The Technology and Innovation Report UNCTAD	Annual	Reports on Counterfeiting and Organized Crime UNICRI	Annual
Industrial Development Report UNIDO	Annual	Global Assessment Report UNDP	Annual
State of World Population Report UNFPA	Annual	World Economic Situation and Prospectus Report UN-DESA	Annual
World's Women Report – Once in 5 Years UN-Habitat	Every 5 Years	World Cities Report Habitat	Annual
Commitment Index Levels and Trends in Child Mortality Report	Annual	World Disaster Risk Index UNISDR	Annual
World Happiness Report	Annual	World Social Protection Report ILO	Annual
World Employment and Social Outlook ILO	Annual	World of Work Report ILO	Annual
Global Wage Report ILO	Annual	Gender Inequality Index UNDP	Annual
Education Development Index Actions on Air Quality	Annual	Global Environment Outlook UNEP	Annual
Emission Gap Report UNEP	Annual	The Rise of Environmental Crime Report UNEP & INTERPOL	Annual
World State of Forest Report FAO	Annual	World Health Statistics WHO	Annual
World Tuberculosis Report WHO	Annual	Ambient Air Pollution Report WHO	Annual
Safety Reports CORSIA	Annual	World Intellectual Property Report (WIPR) WIPO	Annual
Nuclear Organisations Reports IAEA	Annual	Technical Cooperation Report IAEA	Annual
Nuclear Technology Review IAEA	Annual	Red Book IAEA	Annual
World Energy Outlook (WEO) IEA	Annual	Southeast Asia Energy Outlook IEA	Annual
Red List International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)	Annual	The Energy Report & Living Planet Report WWF	Annual
Global Corruption Report (GCR) Transparency International	Annual	Corruption Perception Index Transparency International	Annual
World Press Freedom Index Reporters Without Borders	Annual	Death Penalty Report Amnesty International	Annual
Global Hunger Index Report IFPRI	Annual	An Economy for the 99% Oxfam	Annual
Change the World List Data Fortune	Annual	Global Pension Index Melbourne Mercer	Annual
Global Slavery Index Walk Free Foundation	Annual	Global Retail Development Index AT Kearney	Annual
Climate Change Performance Index German Watch	Annual	New Health Index Global Burden of Disease	Annual
Index of Economic Freedom Heritage Foundation	Annual	Intellectual Property Index US Chamber of Commerce	Annual
Global Peace Index Institute of Economics & Peace (IEP)	Annual	Global Terrorism Index IEP	Annual
Global Talent Competitiveness Index INSEAD	Annual	City Momentum Index JLL Real Estate Services, US	Annual
State of Global Air 2017 Report Health Effects Institute	Annual	Global Ecological Footprint Global Footprint Network	Annual
Social Progress Index Social Progress Imperative	Annual	India State of Forest Report Forest Survey of India	Annual
Report Card of Swachh Bharat Mission Quality Council of India	Annual	National Air Quality Indices Central Pollution Control Board	Annual
National Ambient Air Quality Standard CPCB	Annual	Global Innovation Index Cornell University, INSEAD & WIPO	Annual
India Innovation Index NITI Aayog	Annual	Performance of Health Outcome Index NITI Aayog	Annual
Interest Subvention Report Reserve Bank of India (RBI)	Annual	Financial Stability Report Reserve Bank of India (RBI)	Annual
Internet Readiness Index Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI)	Annual	RESIDEX National Housing Bank	Annual
Annual Survey of Education Report PRATHAM	Annual	School Education Quality Index (SEQI) NITI Aayog and MHRD	Annual
India Social Development Report The Council of Social Development	Annual	Red Data Book Botanical Survey of India	Annual

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Conclusion

Global reports are indispensable tools for UPSC CSE preparation as they provide data driven insights into crucial national and international issues. By regularly referring to these reports candidates can enhance their knowledge base, develop a nuanced understanding of global affairs & better analyze national issues in a global context.

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