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Context

• A new plant species has been discovered in Theni district of Tamil Nadu in the Western Ghats.

Andrographis theniensis

Origin and Naming:

• Andrographis theniensis is named after its place of origin, Theni.

Botanical Characteristics:

• Resemblance to Andrographis Megamalayana: The plant shares similarities with Andrographis megamalayana.

Distinct Features:

• Glabrous leaves and stems.
• Nine-veined lower lip.
• Pale yellowish sparse hair on the middle lobe of the lower lip.
• Yellow anther.

Geographical Distribution:

• Native Range: Andrographis is a tropical Asian genus native to Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and the West Himalaya.
• Prevalence in Southern India: Majority of Andrographis taxa are distributed in southern India and Sri Lanka, particularly in Western and Eastern Ghats.

Taxonomic Significance:

• Species in India: India hosts nearly 25 species of Andrographis, with Andrographis theniensis standing out for its unique characteristics.

Traditional Uses:

• Medicinal Applications: The genus is traditionally used in treating various ailments, including cold, cough, fever, jaundice, diarrhoea, cardiovascular, and hepatic diseases.
• Dual Medicinal Systems: The applications extend to both codified and non-codified medicinal systems.

Herbal Remedy Contribution:

• Diverse Taxa: Andrographis, with its diverse taxa, continues to be a significant contributor to herbal remedies in India.

PRACTICE QUESTION Q. The native range of Andrographis includes tropical Asian countries. In which region are the majority of Andrographis taxa concentrated, especially in India and Sri Lanka? a) Eastern Ghats b) Northern India c) Southern India and Western Ghats d) Himalayan foothills Answer: c) Southern India and Western Ghats Explanation The majority of Andrographis taxa are concentrated in Southern India and the Western Ghats. This region is known for its rich biodiversity, and Andrographis, a tropical Asian genus, finds favorable conditions in the diverse ecosystems of Southern India and the Western Ghats. The plant is well adapted to the climatic and environmental conditions prevalent in this area, contributing to its prevalence in the mentioned region.