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Context:

The aquaculture industry has grown and transformed greatly, pushing the country to the ranks as the world's second-largest producer of farmed fish. The sector is adopting new technologies such as the Biofloc Technology (BFT) and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) to increase sustainable production. 

What are Biofloc Technology (BFT) and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)?

BFT and RAS are innovative aquaculture technologies that help to increase production while reducing environmental impact and disease risk. 

BFT is a closed-tank system that uses beneficial bacteria to clean water and convert waste into fish nutrients, reducing the need for antibiotics and other chemicals. 

RAS is a closed-loop system that filters and recycles water, which creates a controlled environment for fish farming and increasing biosecurity.

How does Biofloc Technology (BFT) work?

Biofloc Technology encourages the growth of beneficial microorganisms, particularly bacteria and algae, in culture water. 

• These microorganisms convert organic matter, such as uneaten feed and fish waste, into high-protein microbial biomass known as bioflocs. 
• These bioflocs provide a natural food source for cultured organisms, reducing the need for additional feed.

Advantages of Biofloc Technology (BFT)

It improves water quality by removing excess nutrients and organic matter, leading to lower pollution levels.

It can reduce feed costs by replacing commercial feed with a natural alternative.

It contains beneficial microorganisms that compete with pathogens, preventing disease transmission.

Improved water quality and nutrient recycling lead to higher stocking densities and increased production.

Challenges associated with Biofloc Technology (BFT)

High microbial activity increases oxygen demand, requiring efficient aeration systems.

Improper management can cause organic matter accumulation, which can negatively impact water quality.

Biofloc systems are more complex to set up and maintain than traditional aquaculture systems.

Working principle of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)

It reduces water exchange by constantly filtering and reusing water in culture tanks. It employs mechanical and biological filtration systems to eliminate waste and maintain optimal water conditions. The process also includes water treatment to ensure that the aquaculture environment is healthy.

Benefits of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

It recirculates water that greatly decreases overall water consumption.

It efficiently removes solid waste, excess nutrients, and hazardous chemicals, which minimise environmental damage.

It provides strict control over water parameters to ensure that aquatic organisms can grow.

Its controlled environment allows year-round production regardless of climatic conditions.

Challenges associated with Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

Pumps, filters, and other equipment consume a significant amount of energy.

Setting up a RAS facility requires a significant initial investment compared to traditional systems.

Operating and maintaining RAS requires technical expertise and skilled personnel.

Way Forward

While BFT and RAS provide numerous advantages in terms of sustainability and disease prevention, their high initial costs and operational challenges pose significant barriers to widespread adoption. However, with subsidies, ongoing research, and increased farmer training, these technologies have the potential to revolutionize Indian fish farming, making it more efficient and sustainable in the long run.

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Source: 

Down to Earth