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Context

• The RBI repurchased only Rs 2,069 crore of government bonds from a notified amount of Rs 60,000 crore as banks were unwilling to sell the securities at a loss.

What is a Bond?

• A bond is a financial instrument where an investor lends money to an entity (such as a corporation or government) for a specific period, with a fixed or variable interest rate.

Usage:

• Funding Projects: Companies, municipalities, states, and governments issue bonds to raise capital for various projects and activities.
• Investor Role: Bondholders are creditors to the issuer, earning interest over time and receiving their principal back at maturity.

Bond Buyback

• A bond buyback is when central and state governments purchase their own bonds back from investors before they reach maturity.

Purpose:

• Liability Management: Helps manage the risks associated with refinancing and liquidity in government securities markets.
• Early Debt Settlement: Allows issuers to pay off their debt early through cash payments.

Objectives:

• Cost Reduction: By repurchasing bonds with high-interest rates, governments can decrease their overall debt costs.
• Improving Market Liquidity: Buying back less traded securities can enhance market liquidity.
• Liquidity Injection: Introduces additional liquidity into the financial system.

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