Description

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Context:

The World Bank’s new report titled Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) estimates that Cabo Verde, a small archipelago located off the coast of West Africa, will need to invest $842 million over 2024-2030, or $140 million per year, to address its climate and development challenges.

Key highlights of the Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR)

Cape Verde is highly vulnerable to extreme climate events including extreme heat, flooding, drought, tropical storms, landslides, volcanic eruptions, coastal erosion, and sea level rise.
Structural factors such as rapid rural-urban migration and land degradation further exacerbate the country's vulnerability to natural hazards.
This vulnerability is further exacerbated by economic problems such as heavy dependence on tourism, imported fuels and goods that account for 80 percent of domestic food consumption, as well as high public debt.

About Cabo Verde

Attribute	Details
Name	Cabo Verde (also known as Cape Verde in the Anglosphere)
Continent	Africa

Geography	Made up of 10 volcanic islands in the Atlantic Ocean, located off the northwestern part of Africa.
Island Groups	Divided into Barlavento (windward) and Sotavento (leeward) groups.
Nearest Point	Located near Senegal, the nearest point on the African continent.
Climate	Generally moderate with stable temperatures; characterized by extreme aridity.
Terrain	Eastern islands are geologically older and flatter; western islands are newer and mountainous.
Population	Predominantly of mixed European and African descent, referred to as mestiço or Crioulo.
Capital	Praia
Languages Spoken	Portuguese and Cape Verdean Creole

About Africa

Aspect	Details
Area	30,330,000 sq. km (2nd largest continent, 6% of Earth's surface, 20.4% of land area)
Nicknames	"Mother Continent" (oldest inhabited)
Geographical Lines	Traversed by Equator, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn; 0° latitude and longitude meet at Gulf of Guinea
Largest Country	Algeria (by area), Nigeria (by population)
Smallest Country	Seychelles
Continental Boundaries	North: Mediterranean Sea; Northeast: Red Sea, Isthmus of Suez; Southeast: Indian Ocean; West: Atlantic Ocean
Countries	54 sovereign states
Major Physical Regions	Sahara, Sahel, Ethiopian Highlands, Savanna, Swahili Coast, Rainforest, African Great Lakes, Southern Africa

Regional Divisions of Africa

Region	Countries Included
Northern Africa	Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, Western Sahara, Canary Islands, Madeira
Northeast Africa	Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia (Horn of Africa)
Eastern Africa	Burundi, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Rwanda, Seychelles, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Central Africa	Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Congo (Republic & Democratic), Gabon, São Tomé and Príncipe
Southern Africa	Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini
Western Africa	Benin, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, etc.

Major Physical Divisions of Africa

Feature	Details
Plateaus	South African Plateau, East African Plateau, Ethiopian Highlands, Katanga Plateau, Bie Plateau, Adamawa Plateau
Mountains	Atlas (Toubkal: 4,165 m), Kilimanjaro (5,895 m), Mount Kenya, Ruwenzori (Stanley: 5,119 m), Drakensberg, Ahaggar
Deserts	Sahara (largest hot desert), Kalahari, Namib (oldest desert), Nubian
Rivers	Nile, Congo, Niger, Zambezi
Lakes	Victoria, Tanganyika, Malawi
Islands	Madagascar (largest), Zanzibar, Canary Islands, Seychelles, Mauritius, Réunion, Comoros

Key Desert Details

Desert	Features
Sahara	Largest hot desert, Tuareg tribes, oases, ergs, regs, and hamadas
Namib	Oldest desert, Benguela current influence, sandy dunes, Hottentots tribes
Kalahari	Semi-arid, Bushmen tribe, Okavango Delta
Nubian	Eastern Sahara, no oases, rocky desert, separated from Libyan Desert by the Nile

Major Islands

Island	Details
Madagascar	Largest island, biodiversity hotspot
Canary Islands	Spanish territory
Zanzibar	Tanzanian archipelago
Mauritius	Independent island nation
Réunion	French overseas territory
Seychelles	Smallest African nation

READ ABOUT

CAPE VERDE

Source:

https://www.downtoearth.org.in/africa/atlantic-archipelago-cabo-verde-needs-to-invest-140-million-annually-to-address-its-climate-development-challenges-world-bank

PRACTICE QUESTION

Consider the following statements regarding Cabo Verde:
Cabo Verde is located in the Mediterranean Sea, off the coast of North Africa.
It consists of 10 volcanic islands, divided into two groups: Barlavento (windward) and Sotavento (leeward).
The capital of Cabo Verde is Praia, and the official language is Cape Verdean Creole.
The climate of Cabo Verde is characterized by extreme aridity with moderate temperatures.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 3 only

(b) 2,3 and 4 only

(d) 2 and 4 only

Answer: b

Explanation:

Cabo Verde is not located in the Mediterranean Sea; it is in the Atlantic Ocean, off the northwestern coast of Africa, near Senegal. So, Statement 1 is incorrect.

Cabo Verde consists of 10 volcanic islands, which are divided into two groups: Barlavento (windward) and Sotavento (leeward). So, Statement 2 is correct.

The official language of Cabo Verde is Portuguese, and Cape Verdean Creole is widely spoken, but the capital is Praia, not Cape Verdean Creole. So, Statement 3 is correct.

Cabo Verde has a generally moderate climate with stable temperatures, but it is characterized by extreme aridity. So, Statement 4 is correct.