Description

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Context:

The US White House recently announced that its long-term trading partner, Colombia had agreed to accept military aircraft carrying deportees.

About Colombia

Feature	Description
Location	Northwestern South America, bordered by Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Panama; coastline along the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean.
Topography	Diverse terrain with mountains, valleys, plateaus, plains, and coastal lowlands.
Major Mountain Ranges	The Andes Mountains dominate, with three main branches: Cordillera Occidental, Cordillera Central, and Cordillera Oriental.
Highest Peak	Pico Cristóbal Colón in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
Coastal Features	Caribbean coastline with beaches and coral reefs; Pacific coastline with mangroves and rugged cliffs.
Rivers	Major rivers include the Magdalena, Cauca, Putumayo, and Amazon.
Lakes & Lagoons	Includes Lake Tota, Laguna de la Cocha, and Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta.
Amazon Basin	The southeastern region is covered by dense tropical rainforest, part of the Amazon Basin.
Climate	Equatorial and tropical climate with regional variations due to altitude: hot and humid in the lowlands, temperate in the highlands, and cold in the Andean peaks.
Natural Resources	Rich in oil, coal, emeralds, gold, coffee, and biodiversity.
Islands	Includes the San Andrés and Providencia archipelago in the Caribbean.

South America

Feature	Description
Major Mountain Range	Andes Mountains – Longest continental mountain range (7,000 km)
Highest Peak	Aconcagua in Argentina
Major River	Amazon River – Second longest river (~7,000 km), largest by discharge
Major Lakes	Lake Titicaca – Highest navigable lake (3,812 m), Maracaibo Lake (largest by surface)
Major Plateaus	Brazilian Highlands, Patagonian Plateau, Guiana Highlands
Major Deserts	Atacama Desert (driest desert), Patagonian Desert, Monte Desert
Grasslands	Pampas (Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil), Llanos (Colombia, Venezuela)
Rainforests	Amazon Rainforest – Largest tropical rainforest (~5.5 million km²)
Islands	Galápagos Islands (Ecuador), Falkland Islands (UK), Tierra del Fuego (Argentina & Chile)
Coastal Features	Pacific Ocean (West), Atlantic Ocean (East), Caribbean Sea (North)
Major Peninsulas	Guajira Peninsula (Colombia & Venezuela), Valdés Peninsula (Argentina)
Climate Zones	Equatorial, Tropical, Temperate, Desert, Mediterranean, Subpolar, Polar
Tectonic Activity	Located on Nazca, South American, and Caribbean Plates – prone to earthquakes and volcanoes
Natural Wonders	Angel Falls (Venezuela), Iguazu Falls (Argentina/Brazil), Uyuni Salt Flats (Bolivia)

READ ABOUT

COLOMBIA

Source:

INDIAN EXPRESS

PRACTICE QUESTION

Q. The recent announcement by the US White House regarding Colombia's agreement to accept military aircraft carrying deportees raises critical concerns in international relations and human rights. Analyze the implications of this decision on US-Colombia relations, regional diplomacy, and the human rights of deportees. (250 words)