The Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) report shows a 11.78% decrease in India's domestic migration rate since the 2011 census. The reasons for this slowdown include better economic opportunities in smaller cities, improved living conditions, and job availability. The pandemic has impacted migration trends, but post-pandemic data shows a notable decrease.
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According to the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) report, domestic migration in India is slowing down and the total migrant population has decreased by 11.78% since the 2011 census.
The report "400 Million Dreams!" was recently published by the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM).
According to the report, India's domestic migration rate has decreased, with the total number of migrants falling from 45.57 crore in 2011 to 40.20 crore in 2023, an 11.78% decrease. In 2023, the migration rate is 28.88%, down from 37.64% in 2011.
The report highlighted how migration trends are estimated using three datasets:
Better economic opportunities and living conditions in smaller cities and towns. Over time, these areas have improved their services, including healthcare, education, infrastructure, and connectivity. This has reduced the need for people to relocate to larger cities in search of better living conditions or employment opportunities.
The availability of jobs and improved local economies in areas near traditional migration hubs is helping to drive this shift.
The composition of the top five recipient states attracting migrants (all migrants, including intra-state migrants) has shifted. West Bengal and Rajasthan are emerging leaders, while Andhra Pradesh and Bihar are now ranked lower. The other three states in this top five list are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh.
West Bengal, Rajasthan, and Karnataka are the states with the greatest increase in percentage share of arriving passengers. Similarly, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh have a lower percentage of total migrants.
The districts with the most migrant arrivals are Mumbai, Bengaluru Urban, Howrah, Central Delhi, and Hyderabad, while the top origin districts are Valsad, Chittoor, Paschim Bardhaman, Agra, Guntur, Villupuram, and Saharsa.
According to the report, the peak migration months are April to June, with secondary peaks in November and December.
However, post-pandemic data show a notable decrease in migration rates. For example, passenger numbers in May 2023 were 6.67% lower than in May 2012, indicating that migration has not returned to pre-pandemic levels, even during peak months.
The slowdown in migration can be interpreted as a sign of overall economic development.
As smaller cities improve their infrastructure and provide better opportunities, people are less likely to migrate to larger cities. The expansion of smaller cities can contribute to more balanced regional development and help address disparities in economic opportunities across the nation.
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