Definition of Exported Emissions

Greenhouse gases are generated from fossil fuels extracted in one country and exported to others.

Not included in the producer country’s national carbon footprint.

Climate vulnerable Nations' Argument

Fossil fuel exporting countries should take responsibility for emissions from their exports as they significantly contribute to global warming.

Paris Agreement

Requires countries to reduce and report domestic greenhouse gas emissions but does not address emissions from exported fossil fuels.

Allows countries to reduce domestic emissions while continuing to export fossil fuels, contributing to global emissions.

Global Fossil Fuel Export Trends

US: Largest oil and gas producer. Fossil fuel exports in 2022 caused emissions equal to one third of domestic emissions.

Norway, Australia, and Canada: Emissions from exports exceeded domestic emissions in 2022.

US exports significant gas to Europe and crude oil and coal to China, Egypt, and Morocco.

US coal exports in first half of 2024 reached 52.5 million short tonnes, a 7 percent increase from the previous year.

Responsibility Debate

Activists and climate-vulnerable nations demand accountability for exported emissions.

Norway claims importing nations should manage emissions.

Azerbaijan criticized Western nations for continuing fossil fuel use while criticizing others.

Geopolitical Dimensions

Europe’s reliance on US gas highlights geopolitical aspects, particularly reducing dependence on Russian energy supplies.

Climate Action Tracker (CAT)

Independent scientific analysis tracking government climate action against Paris Agreement goals.

Collaboration between Climate Analytics and New Climate Institute since 2009.

Evaluate mitigation targets, policies, and actions.

Uses MAGICC model to project global temperature increases.

Provides sectoral pathways for meeting global temperature goals.

PRACTICE QUESTION

Q.Discuss the implications of exported emissions on global climate change efforts and examine how international trade policies can be adjusted to address this issue. (250 words)