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Picture Courtesy: https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/wildlife-biodiversity/scientists-shocked-to-discover-new-species-of-green-anaconda-the-world-s-biggest-snake-94524

Context: Scientists have identified a new species of green anaconda, naming it the "northern green anaconda," which coexists with the previously known "southern green anaconda."

About Green Anaconda

• Scientists have recently discovered a new species of green anaconda, previously believed to be a single species. The newly identified species is named "northern green anaconda," and it coexists with the previously known "southern green anaconda."
• Researchers found significant genetic differences between the two anaconda species, with a surprising 5.5% genetic divergence. The genetic difference between the two anaconda species is higher than the genetic difference between humans and apes (2%).
• Historically, four anaconda species, including green anacondas, were recognized as distinct. Green anacondas are known as the world's heaviest snakes.
• Green anacondas are well-adapted to aquatic life, with nostrils and eyes on top of their heads. They are known for their size, with the largest females growing over seven meters long and weighing more than 250 kilograms. Green anacondas are non-venomous and use large, flexible jaws to capture and crush prey.
• The known species is named "southern green anaconda" (Eunectes murinus) and is found in Perú, Bolivia, French Guiana, and Brazil. The newly identified species is named "northern green anaconda" (Eunectes akayima) and is found in Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.
• The genetic divergence between the two anaconda species occurred almost 10 million years ago.
• Green anacondas, as apex predators, play a vital role in maintaining ecosystem balance. Declining anaconda numbers may indicate environmental distress, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts.
• The research underscores the complexities of biodiversity conservation and the importance of recognizing and preserving undiscovered species. Incorporating genetic taxonomy into conservation planning is essential for Earth's intricate web of life.

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