Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) Explained:UPSC

Description

Indian Agricultural Research Institute

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Context:

To improve wheat output, the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) has introduced a new high-yielding variety of wheat seed – HD 3386.
Approved by the central seed committee, this variant is resistant to yellow and leaf rust diseases prevalent in key wheat-growing regions like Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan.

Introduction of HD 3386:

HD 3386 is developed by IARI, known for its expertise in rice and wheat varieties.
The seed is resistant to yellow and leaf rust diseases, enhancing yield and grain quality.

Replacement of HD2967:

HD 3386 aims to replace HD2967, the current variety used in around 25% of wheat sown areas.
While HD2967 yields around 22 quintals/acre, HD 3386 offers higher productivity at 25 quintals/acre.

Significance

The introduction of HD 3386 signifies a significant advancement in wheat cultivation, offering improved disease resistance and higher yields.
Collaborative efforts between research institutions and private entities are crucial for scaling up seed distribution and ensuring wider adoption among farmers.
With optimistic forecasts for wheat output, such innovations play a vital role in enhancing agricultural productivity and food security in India.

Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI)

The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), also known as the Pusa Institute, is a renowned national institution dedicated to agricultural research, education, and extension. Established in 1905 in Pusa, Bihar, with the philanthropic support of Henry Phipps, Jr., it was initially named the Agricultural Research Institute (ARI). Over the years, it evolved into the Imperial Institute of Agricultural Research and later, the Imperial Agricultural Research Institute. Following significant damage caused by the Bihar earthquake in 1934, the institute was relocated to New Delhi, inaugurating its new campus in 1936. Post-independence, it was renamed the Indian Agricultural Research Institute and has made significant contributions to agricultural innovation, including the development of wheat varieties resistant to rust. Recognized as a deemed university in 1958, IARI offers MSc and PhD degrees and hosts affiliated institutes like the Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute. Today, its sprawling campus in New Delhi encompasses various schools focusing on crop improvement, plant protection, basic sciences, natural resource management, social sciences, and horticultural science, reflecting its comprehensive approach to agricultural research and education.

PRACTICE QUESTION

Q. Discuss India's advancements in high-yielding crop varieties since the Green Revolution. Evaluate the impact on agricultural productivity, food security, and farmer welfare. Highlight challenges and propose strategies for sustainable agricultural growth.

SOURCE: Financial Express