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Context: A farmer takes forward the State’s traditional practice of building root bridges and connects two areas across Umkar river in Cherrapunjee

Details:

• Living Root Bridges, found in over 70 villages in Meghalaya highlighting the socio-cultural, social and botanical links among people and nature, have been included in the tentative list of World Heritage Sites of the UNESCO
• Villagers grow the living root bridges by training the ‘ficus elastic tree on both sides of water bodies over a period of about 10 to 15 years where the roots form the bridge.
• At present, there are about 100 known living root bridges spread across 72 villages in the state.

About:

• The Living Root Bridges are incredible feats of engineering built by the indigenous people of Meghalaya, a state located in North East India.
• These bridges are built using the living roots of ficus trees (Ficus elastica) planted on both sides of a stream and then made to span the width of the river until they meet at the middle.
• These bridges are built by the Khasi and Jaintia tribes that live in the state and can be found mostly along the southern edges of Meghalaya including the villages of Nohwet (Riwai, Mawlynnong), Nongriat, Nongthymmai, Mawkyrnot, Nongblai, Khonglah, Padu, Kudeng Rim, Shnongpdeng and others.
• An interesting highlight about the people of Meghalaya is that they follow a matrilineal system. lineage is passed down through the mother.
• People rely on nature for their daily needs and because of this, the conservation of nature is crucial to them.

Need:

• The Khasi and Jaintia people who reside in the southern parts of the state along the international border with Bangladesh are called the "War" people. Their main occupation is agriculture.
• The War villages are nestled on the hillsides while their agricultural lands are located in the valleys below.
• Most of their villages are only accessible by traversing huge cliffs, valleys, waterfalls, streams and rivers.
• In the past, during monsoons, it was difficult for people to cross many waterways without bridges.
• Attempts to use bamboo or wooden bridges across these waterways proved futile as these bridges could not last long in the heavy rains and strong waters.
• Living root bridges are an innovative and indigenous solution to solve this age-old problem.

Construction:

• The bridges are constructed by planting ficus trees on both sides of the waterways.
• Hollowed out a betel nut (Areca catechu) trunk are used to propagate the aerial roots from one side of the river to the other.
• When they reach the other side, they’re allowed to take root in the soil.
• The roots are woven and nurtured until they mature and are able to bear the weight of people walking on them.
• This entire process can take 15 to 25 years to complete and the bridges formed can last for hundreds of years.
• Some bridges are as long as 100 feet and can take loads of more than 50 people.

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/roots-connect-a-meghalaya-village/article66349863.ece

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