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Context

• Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi has paid tributes to Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya on his Jayanti.

About

• Malaviya is known for founding the Banaras Hindu University and for becoming one of the torchbearers of the freedom struggle — acting as a bridge between the Moderates and the Extremists in the Congress.
• He joined the Indian National Congress at its Calcutta session in 1886 — it had been founded a year previously at the Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Mumbai.
• Malaviya became president four times — in 1909 (Lahore), in 1918 (Delhi), in 1930 (Delhi), and in 1932 (Calcutta).
• He was one of the early leaders of the Hindu Mahasabha, and helped found it in 1906.
• He was a social reformer and a successful legislator, serving as a member of the Imperial Legislative Council for 11 years (1909–20).
• Malaviya espoused free and compulsory primary education, opposed the system of indentured labour in the British Empire, and supported the nationalisation of railways.
• Malaviya was an important figure in the Non-cooperation movement. But he was opposed to the politics of appeasement and the participation of Congress in the Khilafat movement.
• In 1930, when Mahatma Gandhi launched the Salt Satyagraha and the Civil Disobedience Movement, he participated in it and courted arrest.
• In protest against the Communal Award which sought to provide separate electorates for minorities, Malaviya along with Madhav Shrihari Aney left the Congress and started the Congress Nationalist Party.
• The party contested the 1934 elections to the central legislature and won 12 seats.
• Malaviya was one of the founders of the Bharat Scouts and Guides.
• The "Mahamana" title was conferred to him by Rabindranath Tagore.

Works

• He also founded a highly influential, English newspaper, The Leader published from Allahabad in 1909.
• In 1910, Malaviyaji started the Hindi paper 'Maryada'
• Malaviya started his own Hindi weekly "Abhyudaya"(1907–1909 under his editorship).
• With the help of Motilal Nehru he started an English daily the "Leader" in 1909.

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1785047

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