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Context

The ongoing debate in Bengaluru regarding the city's drinking water problem and the proposed solutions.

Details

• Environmentalists propose the revival of the Raja Kaluve network and dead lakes in Bengaluru as a solution to the city's drinking water problem.
• The current state of stormwater drains and lakes in Bengaluru is either concretized or functioning as sewage carriers.
• Reviving the lakes and Raja Kaluve network would help streamline water levels and address water scarcity issues.

Importance of Bengaluru's Geographical Location

• Bengaluru is surrounded by three major valley systems: Vrishabhavathi Valley, Hebbal Valley, and Koramangala-Challaghatta Valley.
• These valleys house many lakes and play a crucial role in hydrological processes and groundwater replenishment.

Concerns with the Mekedatu Reservoir Project

• Environmentalists argue that the Mekedatu Reservoir Project is not considering sustainability aspects and has become a political issue.
• The Cauvery River does not have sufficient water to support another dam, as it has maintained a consistent course and precipitation levels over the past 10 years.
• Lakes breach or experience flooding only during the monsoon season when there is no space for water seepage, resulting in overflow.

Advocacy for Ancient Methods and Advanced Technology

• Environmental communicators suggest utilizing advanced technology available for treating impure water instead of constructing a destructive dam.
• Advanced technology allows for the transformation of sewage water into potable water, which can effectively meet the city's water needs.
• Bengaluru, receiving significant rainfall annually and substantial water flow through drainage or sewage (13 tmc), does not require a dam pumping water from the south of the city.

Potential Ecological Destruction and Financial Concerns

• If approved, the Rs 9,000 crore Mekedatu Reservoir Project could lead to the destruction of ecology in both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
• Submergence of approximately 63% of the forest area of the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary is anticipated.
• Investing in a dam and pumping water back from the south of the city is deemed wasteful in terms of resources.

About Mekedatu Reservoir Project

• The Mekedatu Reservoir Project is a proposed initiative aimed at addressing Bengaluru's drinking water needs.
• The project involves the construction of a reservoir on the Cauvery River, located near Mekedatu in Karnataka, India.

Water Supply and Drinking Water Requirements

• Bengaluru faces a significant drinking water problem due to population growth and water scarcity.
• The Mekedatu project intends to utilize the excess water from the Cauvery River to meet the city's drinking water requirements.

Water Management and Sustainability Concerns

• Environmentalists argue that the project lacks consideration for sustainability and ecological preservation.
• They claim that the Cauvery River does not have sufficient water to support another dam, as it has maintained a consistent course and precipitation levels over the past 10 years.

Political Controversy and Government Support

• The Mekedatu Reservoir Project has become a political issue, with various stakeholders involved.
• Deputy CM and Water Resource Minister DK Shivakumar has met with the Union Jal Shakti Minister to discuss the project's details and water utilization.

Impact on Ecology and Forest Area

• Experts estimate that around 63% of the forest area within the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary would be submerged if the project is approved.
• The ecological destruction caused by the reservoir's construction is a significant concern raised by environmentalists.

Financial Implications and Resource Allocation

• The Mekedatu Reservoir Project is estimated to cost around Rs 9,000 crore.
• Critics argue that investing in a dam and pumping water from the south of the city is wasteful in terms of resources, considering Bengaluru's annual rainfall and existing water flow.

Alternative Solutions and Advanced Technology

• Some environmental communicators suggest exploring advanced water treatment technologies to meet the city's water needs.
• Utilizing advanced technology, sewage water can be transformed into potable water, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution.

About Lakes of Bengaluru

• Bengaluru, the capital city of Karnataka, is known for its numerous lakes that play a significant role in the city's ecosystem and water management.
• Over the years, the lakes in Bengaluru have faced challenges such as encroachment, pollution, and neglect.

Importance of Lakes in Bengaluru

• Lakes in Bengaluru act as catchment areas, storing rainwater and replenishing groundwater.
• They help regulate the city's water table and maintain ecological balance.
• Lakes also provide habitats for various flora and fauna, contributing to biodiversity.

Encroachment and Pollution

• Many lakes in Bengaluru have fallen prey to encroachment, with surrounding areas being developed for residential and commercial purposes.
• Encroachment leads to the shrinking of lake boundaries, reducing their water-holding capacity.
• The encroached areas often contribute to pollution, as untreated sewage and solid waste find their way into the lakes.

Consequences of Lake Encroachment

• Reduced water-holding capacity of lakes results in decreased groundwater recharge during the monsoon season.
• Depleted lakes fail to store and supply water during dry periods, contributing to water scarcity issues in the city.
• Encroachment disrupts the natural habitat of aquatic plants and animals, affecting the overall ecosystem.

Revival and Restoration Efforts

• Various governmental and non-governmental initiatives have been undertaken to revive and restore the lakes of Bengaluru.
• Lake rejuvenation projects focus on desilting, clearing encroachments, and treating the inflow of sewage and pollutants.
• Citizen participation and awareness campaigns play a crucial role in creating a sense of ownership and responsibility towards lake preservation.

Successful Lake Rejuvenation Projects

• Kaikondrahalli Lake, Bellandur Lake, and Jakkur Lake are notable examples of successful lake rejuvenation efforts.
• These lakes have undergone significant restoration work, including desilting, construction of wetlands, and implementation of sewage treatment measures.
• Improved water quality, revival of biodiversity, and recreational spaces have been the outcomes of these rejuvenation projects.

Challenges and Future Considerations

• The revival of lakes in Bengaluru faces challenges such as sustained maintenance, community involvement, and preventing future encroachments.
• Continuous monitoring and enforcement of regulations are necessary to ensure the long-term sustainability of restored lakes.
• Integrated water management approaches, including rainwater harvesting and effective sewage treatment, need to be implemented to prevent further pollution.

PRACTICE QUESTION Q) Discuss the challenges faced in the revival of lakes and the measures required for their long-term preservation. Provide examples of successful lake rejuvenation projects and their impact on the city's ecosystem and water resources. (250 words)

https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2023/jul/03/revive-bengalurus-raja-kaluves-instead-of-mekedatu-project-environmentalists-2590796.html