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Picture Courtesy: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/volcano-erupts-in-mount-ibu-island-of-eastern-indonesia-sending-ash-tower-into-the-sky/articleshow/109661267.cms

Context: Mount Ibu, a volcano on Indonesia's Halmahera Island erupted.

About Mount Ibu

• The Ibu volcano, situated along the northwest coast of Halmahera Island in Indonesia, is classified as an active stratovolcano. Also known as a composite volcano, a stratovolcano possesses distinct characteristics that set it apart from other types of volcanoes.

Characteristics of Stratovolcanoes

• Conical Shape: Stratovolcanoes exhibit a conical shape, which is formed by layers of volcanic material deposited during successive eruptions over time.
• Variable Slope: These volcanoes typically slope gently at the base but rise steeply near the summit, resulting in tall mountain peaks.
• Composition: They are composed of alternating layers of lava, ash, and tephra, which contribute to their stratified appearance.
• Location: Stratovolcanoes are often situated above subduction zones, where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another. They are commonly found in regions of high volcanic activity, such as the Pacific "Ring of Fire," which encompasses much of the Pacific Ocean.

Examples of Stratovolcanoes:

• Nevado del Ruiz Volcano: Located in the Andes Mountains of Colombia, Nevado del Ruiz is a prominent example of a stratovolcano known for its conical shape and explosive eruptions.
• Ubinas Volcano: Situated in the Andes Mountains of Peru, Ubinas is another notable stratovolcano characterised by its steep slopes and frequent eruptions.

Conclusion

• Stratovolcanoes, such as Mount Ibu, play a significant role in shaping the Earth's landscape and are closely monitored due to their potential for explosive eruptions. Understanding their distinctive characteristics helps scientists and communities prepare for and mitigate the risks associated with volcanic activity.

Source:

Hindustantimes

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