Description

Copyright infringement not intended

Picture Courtesy: The Hindu

Context:

The Union Finance Minister announced ‘Nuclear Energy Mission'.

Announcement related to nuclear energy in Union Budget 2025

The Union Finance Minister announced a ₹20,000 crore ‘Nuclear Energy Mission’ to develop indigenous Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). The Budget proposes that at least five of these reactors will be operational by 2033.

The Budget documents do not show any specific financial commitments for building the proposed Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) in the 2025-26 fiscal year.

Allocation for the Department of Atomic Energy in the 2025-26 Budget

The Department of Atomic Energy has been allocated ₹24,049 crore for 2025-26. This is slightly lower than the ₹24,450 crore expected to be spent by March 2024 and significantly less than the ₹25,882 crore spent in 2023-24.

About Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)

They are advanced nuclear reactors with a smaller capacity compared to traditional reactors. They offer flexibility, lower costs, and enhanced safety features.

They are seen as a key technology for India’s goal of achieving 100 GW of nuclear energy by 2047.

What is the difference between Bharat Small Reactors (BSR) and Bharat Small Modular Reactors (BSMR)?

Bharat Small Reactors (BSR) are modified versions of India’s existing Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs).

Bharat Small Modular Reactors (BSMR) represent a newer, globally researched technology that is still in the development phase.

What role does the private sector play in India’s nuclear energy plans?

The government plans to partner with the private sector for setting up Bharat Small Reactors (BSR), research and development of Bharat Small Modular Reactors (BSMR), and newer nuclear technologies. This marks a shift from the current model, where the government builds, operates, and funds nuclear reactors.

How will the Bharat Small Reactors (BSR) be developed and operated?

The Bharat Small Reactors (BSR) will be built and operated by the State-run Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd. (NPCIL). However, private players in the power sector will finance these reactors.

What are the long-term goals of India’s nuclear energy policy

The current nuclear energy capacity is around 7 GW, and the government aims to expand this to 100 GW by 2047.

To achieve this goal, the government plans to amend the Atomic Energy Act and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, to promote private sector involvement in nuclear energy projects.