Description

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Context:

Despite our oceans covering more than 70 per cent of the Earth’s surface, playing a vital role in regulating our climate and providing food and jobs for billions, they are facing threats at an unprecedented scale.

About Ocean Coordination Mechanism (OCM)

Attribute	Details
Program Name	CLME+ Strategic Action Program (CLME+ SAP)
Initiation Year	2014
Region Covered	Caribbean Sea, including a large marine ecosystem in northern Brazil.
Purpose	Establish a framework for cooperation in sustainable seabed management.
Objective	Coordinate and streamline actions for critical sea issues including: - Sustainable fishing - Ecosystem restoration - Pollution control - Blue carbon development - Spatial planning - Sea establishment
Transformation Efforts	Strengthen integrated ocean management in the wider Caribbean region.
Stakeholders	Countries, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), and key parties.
Funding Source	Global Environment Facility (GEF) via UNDP/GEF PROCARIBE+
Funding Amount	$15 million
Funding Period	2024-2028

About the Caribbean Sea and North Brazil Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem.

Feature	Caribbean Sea	North Brazilian Shelf

Location	Tropical sea of the Northern Atlantic Ocean, south of the Gulf of Mexico and southwest of the Sargasso Sea	Part of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, along the north coast of South America
Nations Bordering	Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico), Small Antilles (Virgin Islands to Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Venezuela, Colombia), Central America (Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, Mexico)	Brazil (Amapá), French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana
Deepest Point	Cayman Trough	Not specified
Major Geographic Features	Mesoamerican Barrier Reef, the second-largest barrier reef in the world (1,000 km along Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras)	Extensive muddy coast, sediments from the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers
Main Bays & Gulfs	Gulf of Gonâve, Gulf of Venezuela, Darién Gulf, Golfo de los Mosquitos, Gulf of Paria, Gulf of Honduras.	Coastal swamps, mangrove systems, high biodiversity

Source:

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PRACTICE QUESTION

Q. Effective Ocean governance requires robust international coordination mechanisms to address issues such as marine pollution, sustainable fisheries management, and climate change. Discuss the existing global ocean coordination mechanisms and their effectiveness in promoting sustainable ocean managemen. (250 words)