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Picture Courtesy: Indian Express

Context:

Doctors suspect organophosphate poisoning behind 17 deaths in J&K's Baddal village.

What happened in Baddal village, J&K?

Seventeen people from three families in Baddal village, Rajouri district, died after showing symptoms like fever, breathing issues, and sweating.

Doctors suspect organophosphate poisoning, a toxic chemical commonly used in pesticides. This hypothesis emerged after patients showed improvement when treated with atropine injections, which counteract organophosphate toxicity.

What measures has the J&K administration taken?

The administration declared Baddal village a containment zone, quarantined nearly 300 people, and sealed a natural spring after finding traces of pesticide or insecticide in the water. A special investigation team (SIT) has also been formed to probe the deaths.

What can be done to prevent such incidents in the future?

Regulation: Enforce stricter controls on pesticide use and storage.
Awareness: Educate farmers and communities about the risks of organophosphates.
Monitoring: Regularly test water and food sources for contamination.

About organophosphates

Organophosphates are chemical compounds containing phosphorus atoms bonded to organic groups. They are widely used as pesticides and insecticides in agriculture and have industrial applications.

They inhibit acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This leads to an accumulation of acetylcholine, causing overstimulation of nerves, muscles, and glands, which can be fatal.

Health risks of organophosphate exposure

Acute poisoning: Symptoms include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, excessive salivation, muscle weakness, and respiratory distress. Severe cases can lead to death.
Chronic exposure: Long-term effects may include nerve damage and hormonal disruptions.

Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Farmers and workers handling pesticides are at higher risk.

They are toxic to plants, insects, and wildlife, leading to biodiversity loss. They can also contaminate water sources, posing risks to ecosystems and human health.

The primary treatment is atropine, a medication that blocks the effects of excess acetylcholine. It helps stabilize patients and counteract the toxic effects of organophosphates.

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Source:

INDIAN EXPRESS

PRACTICE QUESTION

Q.Which one of the following is correct about “Organophosphates”, frequently seen in the news?

A) A type of preservative used in food processing.

B) Used to treat water in swimming pools.

C) Cleaning agent used in household products.

D) Chemical compounds found in pesticides.

Answer: D

Explanation:

Organophosphates (OPs) are a group of chemical compounds that are used as pesticides, nerve agents, and more. They are also known as phosphate esters (OPEs).