Source: The Hindu

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Context

• The Rhisotope project involves injecting radioactive material into rhino horns to deter poaching. The initiative aims to make horns detectable at borders, offering a new strategy for wildlife conservation and poaching prevention.

Details

Key Points

• Conservation Efforts and Techniques:
  • Use of radioactive material in rhino horns to deter poaching.
  • Comparison of effectiveness with traditional methods like dehorning and poisoning.
• Biodiversity and Environment:
  • Impact of poaching on rhino populations.
  • Role of conservation projects in protecting endangered species.
• Science and Technology in Conservation:
  • Application of radioisotopes in wildlife protection.
  • Potential environmental and health impacts of using radioactive materials.
• International Relations and Security:
  • Detection of radioactive materials at international borders to prevent illegal trade.
  • Global efforts in combating wildlife poaching and trafficking.
• Ethical and Legal Aspects:
  • Ethical considerations in the use of radioactive materials on animals.
  • Legal frameworks supporting innovative conservation methods.
• Statistics and Data Interpretation:
  • Poaching statistics and trends in South Africa.
  • Comparison with conservation statistics from other regions, including India.

About ‘Rhisotope’ Project:

• Objective:
  • To deter poaching by making rhino horns detectable through radioisotopes.
• Method:
  • Insertion of radioactive material and microdots in rhino horns.
• Benefits:
  • Enhanced detection at borders, lower costs compared to frequent dehorning.
• Challenges:
  • Ensuring safety and ethical handling, monitoring long-term effects on rhinos and the environment.
• Impact:
  • Potential to significantly reduce poaching and set a precedent for similar conservation initiatives globally.

African Rhinoceros vs. Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros:

• Habitat:
  • African rhinos (white and black) primarily inhabit savannas, woodlands and grasslands.
  • Indian one-horned rhinos are found in the floodplains of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and their tributaries.
• Population:
  • South Africa is home to the majority of African rhinos. India and Nepal host the Indian one-horned rhino.
• Conservation Status:
  • Both species face threats from poaching and habitat loss. African rhinos are targeted for their horns, while Indian rhinos also face pressures from habitat encroachment.
• Conservation Strategies:
  • African strategies include the Rhisotope project and dehorning. India focuses on habitat protection, anti-poaching patrols and community engagement.

Sources:

The Hindu

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