Aspect

Left Wing

Centrist

Right Wing

Economic Policy

Supports wealth redistribution, higher taxes on the wealthy, social welfare programs, and government intervention in the economy.

Favors moderate economic policies, balancing market forces with government regulation. Supports fiscal responsibility and may endorse some welfare programs.

Advocates for free market capitalism, lower taxes, limited government intervention, and deregulation. Emphasizes individual responsibility and entrepreneurship.

Social Policy

Advocates for social equality, supports progressive social reforms (e.g., LGBTQ+ rights, environmental protections), and emphasizes inclusivity. Ex. legalization of same-sex marriage in many European countries.

Takes a pragmatic approach to social issues, supporting moderate reforms while prioritizing consensus-building and social stability.

Often supports traditional social values, opposes progressive reforms, and emphasizes national identity, cultural preservation, and law and order.

Foreign Policy

Focuses on diplomacy, international cooperation, human rights, and multilateralism. Often critical of military intervention and supports global solidarity.

Prioritizes pragmatic diplomacy, balancing national interests with international cooperation. May support military intervention in specific cases and favors alliances based on national interest.

Emphasizes national sovereignty, military strength, and protectionism. May advocate for assertive foreign policies, including military intervention to protect national interests. Ex The foreign policy of Russia under Putin.

Environmental Policy

Strongly supports environmental protection, climate action, and sustainable development. Advocates for stringent regulations on industries impacting the environment.

Ex. Germany's Energiewende, or energy transition, is a policy that aims to transition the country's economy to low-carbon, nuclear-free energy sources by 2050.

Supports environmental policies that balance economic growth with ecological concerns. May promote green initiatives but favors market-based solutions over strict regulation.

Skeptical of environmental regulations that impose economic burdens. Prioritizes economic growth over environmental concerns, often questioning scientific consensus on climate change.Ex. United States withdrawing from the Paris Agreement under conservative leadership.

Role of Government

Sees government as a key actor in addressing social and economic inequalities. Supports robust public services and infrastructure investment. Ex. welfare state model in Norway.

Views government as a mediator between competing interests, supporting policies that maintain social stability and economic growth.

Advocates for limited government involvement in economic and social affairs. Supports reducing government size and intervention to maximize individual liberty and free market efficiency.

Immigration Policy

Supports liberal immigration policies, including pathways to citizenship and refugee rights. Advocates for multiculturalism and diversity.

Takes a pragmatic approach to immigration, balancing humanitarian concerns with national security. Supports controlled immigration policies and integration of migrants.

Favors restrictive immigration policies, emphasizing border security, deportation of illegal immigrants, and cultural assimilation.

View on Globalization

Supports globalization as a means to promote international solidarity, economic development, and cultural exchange. Critiques its impacts on labor rights and inequality. Ex. anti-globalization movements in Latin America.

Embraces globalization for economic growth and access to international markets. Sees it as a tool for global stability and peace. Ex. Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP).

Skeptical of globalization's benefits, focusing on protecting national sovereignty, jobs, and cultural identity from external influences. Critiques its impact on domestic industries and jobs. Ex. protectionist policies in the United States like America First.

PRACTICE QUESTION

Q) Discuss the fundamental differences between left-wing and right-wing ideologies. How do these ideologies influence policies and governance in contemporary democracies?(250 words)