Copyright infringement not intended

Picture Courtesy: The Hindu

Context:

According to the World Health Organisation, more than 2.2 billion people worldwide experience some form of vision impairment, including inherited retinal diseases (IRDs).  

About Inherited Retinal Diseases (IRDs)

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a group of genetic conditions that affect the retina and can lead to vision loss or blindness. IRDs are rare but can affect people of all ages. 

Symptoms Difficulty seeing in the dark or dim, Reduced side vision, Glare and difficulty in bright light, Reduced central vision, and Difficulty seeing colors or differences between colors. 

RNA-based therapies considered promising for treating IRDs

RNA-based therapies offer a precise, temporary way to correct genetic defects without altering DNA.

Approaches like antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), ADAR RNA editing, suppressor tRNAs, and PTC124 bypass mutations or restore protein production in retinal cells.

These methods avoid risks associated with permanent DNA changes and have already shown success in treating spinal muscular atrophy and cystic fibrosis.

Is India ready to adopt RNA-based precision therapies for IRDs?

Global advancements are encouraging, however the country lacks large-scale genetic studies to map IRD mutations in its diverse population.

Without data on prevalent mutations—like the ABCA4 gene’s role in Indian subgroups—researchers cannot design targeted therapies.

Limited awareness among clinicians, scarce genetic counseling, and uneven diagnostic infrastructure further hinder progress.

What steps can India take to harness RNA therapeutics for retinal diseases?

• Prioritize genetic research: Conduct nationwide studies to map IRD mutations.
• Boost collaborations: Partner institutions like CSIR-IGIB and L.V. Prasad Eye Institute to accelerate therapy development.
• Invest in infrastructure: Expand access to genetic testing and counseling, especially in rural areas.
• Raise awareness: Train clinicians about RNA therapies and their potential.

Must Read Articles: 

GENE EDITING FOR EYE DISEASES

Source: 

THE HINDU