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Context:

• The Korean War, which began in 1950, remains significant due to its profound impact on East Asia's geopolitical landscape and global affairs.
• Despite the armistice in 1953, it never formally concluded, leaving North and South Korea technically at war.

Korean War: Overview

• The Korean War, spanning from June 25, 1950, to July 27, 1953, was a pivotal armed conflict on the Korean Peninsula between North Korea (DPRK) and South Korea (ROK), with their respective allies.
• North Korea, backed by the Soviet Union and China, launched an invasion of South Korea, prompting a United Nations response led predominantly by the United States.
• The war emerged from the post-World War II division of Korea at the 38th parallel by the Soviet Union and the US, each establishing separate governments in Pyongyang and Seoul by 1948.
• The conflict escalated swiftly with North Korea's invasion, leading to a dramatic back-and-forth of territory and intense international involvement.
• Despite the signing of an armistice in 1953, no peace treaty was ever agreed upon, leaving the Korean Peninsula in a state of unresolved tension and division, marked by the creation of the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) and enduring geopolitical repercussions.
• The war's legacy includes massive casualties, civilian devastation, and a lasting impact on global politics

What led to the divide in the Korean peninsula?

• Historical Background: Korea gained independence from Japanese colonial rule in 1945 after World War II.
• Division: Allied powers, mainly the US and USSR, divided Korea along the 38th parallel into Soviet and American occupation zones.
• Establishment of Governments: North Korea under communist influence and South Korea as a capitalist state were established by 1948, each claiming sovereignty over the entire peninsula.

What led to the outbreak of the Korean War?

• North Korean Invasion: On June 25, 1950, North Korean forces crossed the 38th parallel, launching a surprise invasion of South Korea.
• UN Response: The UN Security Council condemned the invasion and called for North Korean withdrawal, prompting a UN-backed coalition led by the US to intervene.

Legacy of the Korean War

• Division and Armistice: The war's legacy includes the enduring division of Korea and the armistice agreement that persists to this day.
• Regional Security Impact: It contributed to the militarization of the Korean Peninsula and ongoing tensions between North and South Korea, as well as with the West.
• International Relations: The conflict solidified US-South Korea alliance and marked China's entry into the war, highlighting its support for communist regimes.

Conclusion

• The Korean War's unresolved status continues to shape East Asian geopolitics, emphasizing the lasting implications of Cold War rivalries and power dynamics in the region.

SOURCE: INDIAN EXPRESS

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