TROPICAL CYCLONES

Description

GS PAPER I: Important Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.

Context: The deep depression in the Arabian Sea intensified into a cyclonic storm, christened Tauktae (pronounced Tau'Te).

Tauktae is expected to intensify into a Severe Cyclonic Storm and reach the Gujarat coast.

Tropical cyclone, also called typhoon or hurricane, an intense circular storm that originates over warm tropical oceans and is characterized by low atmospheric pressure, high winds, and heavy rain.
In the North Atlantic Ocean and the eastern North Pacific they are called hurricanes, and in the western North Pacific around the Philippines, Japan, and China the storms are referred to as typhoon
In the western South Pacific and Indian Ocean they are variously referred to as severe tropical cyclones, tropical cyclones, or simply cyclones.
Tropical cyclones rotate in a counterclockwise (or cyclonic) direction in the Northern Hemisphere and in a clockwise (or anticyclonic) direction in the Southern Hemisphere.

How do cyclones form?

The above figure shows how cyclones form. The green arrows show where warm air is rising. The red arrows indicate where cool air is sinking.

Tropical cyclones form only over warm ocean waters near the equator.
To form a cyclone, warm, moist air over the ocean rises upward from near the surface.
As this air moves up and away from the ocean surface, it leaves is less air near the surface. So basically as the warm air rises, it causes an area of lower air pressure below.
Air from surrounding areas with higher air pressure pushes in to the low pressure area. Then this new “cool” air becomes warm and moist and rises, too. And the cycle continues.
As the warmed, moist air rises and cools the water in the air forms clouds.
The whole system of clouds and wind spins and grows, fed by the ocean’s heat and water evaporating from the ocean surface.
As the storm system rotates faster and faster, an eye forms in the centre.
It is very calm and clear in the eye, with very low air pressure. Higher pressure air from above flows down into the eye.
When the winds in the rotating storm reach 39 mph (63 kmph), the storm is called a “tropical storm”.
And when the wind speeds reach 74 mph (119 kmph), the storm is officially a “tropical cyclone” or
Tropical cyclones usually weaken when they hit land, because they are no longer being “fed” by the energy from the warm ocean waters.
However, they often move far inland, dumping many centimeters of rain and causing lots of wind damage before they die out completely.