UNREST IN BALOCHISTAN

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Picture Courtesy: https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/balochistan-unrest-causes-reasons/article68570181.ece

Context

Recent large-scale protests in Balochistan highlight ongoing issues of governance and ethnic tensions in Pakistan.

Details

The Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC) has organized the "Baloch Raaji Muchi" (Baloch National Gathering) in Gwadar, to draw attention to several issues, including:

• • • Protesters are highlighting abuses like enforced disappearances and extrajudicial killings by security forces.
    • Despite Balochistan's wealth in resources, the local population sees little benefit, leading to frustration and poverty.
    • The provincial government’s failure to provide essential services like healthcare and education is a key concern.

Background

• In 1947, the Khan of Kalat declared Balochistan an independent state. However, Pakistan’s leadership forced its federation in 1948.
  • • Gwadar, initially part of Oman, was purchased by Pakistan in 1958.
• In 1955, Balochistan was merged into a single province under the One Unit scheme, centralizing power and reducing provincial autonomy.
  • • This scheme was abolished in 1970, but local governance remained weak.
• Despite Balochistan’s rich mineral deposits, the region remains economically backward.

Economic and Social Issues

• Balochistan accounts for 44% of Pakistan’s landmass but has one of the lowest economic indicators, including poor infrastructure and social services.
• The region’s resources are extracted by the federal government and large corporations, but local communities see little benefit.
• Under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a Chinese firm manages Gwadar port on a 40-year lease, leading to fears about loss of local access and job displacement.

Way Forward: Case Studies

• The Peace Process in Sri Lanka: After decades of conflict, Sri Lanka’s peace process involved negotiating with Tamil Tigers and addressing grievances through political and economic concessions.
  • • While the situation is complex and not fully resolved, it demonstrates how dialogue and concessions can play a role in conflict resolution.
• The Northern Ireland Peace Process: The Good Friday Agreement in 1998 was a successful example of how sustained negotiations, inclusive dialogue, and addressing core issues like governance and equality can lead to peace.

Source:

The Hindu

Wikipedia