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ZETA SCALE SUPERCOMPUTERS

Last Updated on 26th September, 2024
5 minutes, 2 seconds

Description

Source: NDTV

Disclaimer: Copyright infringement not intended.

Context

According to Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), development of a successor to the country's flagship supercomputer, Fugaku, will begin in 2025. 

The supercomputer could reach speeds on a zetaFLOPS scale, which has never been achieved before.

Must read on supercomputers: https://www.iasgyan.in/daily-current-affairs/supercomputers-50

Zeta Supercomputers

They represent the next quantum leap in high-performance computing (HPC). A supercomputer with a speed of 1 zetaFLOPS could make one sextillion (1 followed by 21 zeros) calculations per second.

This is 1,000 times more powerful than today's exascale systems, which operate at the level of exaFLOPS. Achieving zettascale computing is expected to occur around 2030.

In May 2022, the global supercomputer rankings were shaken up by the launch of Frontier. Now the fastest supercomputer in the world, it can perform more than 1 quintillion (1018) floating-point operations per second. That's a 1 followed by 18 zeros, also known as an exaflop.

Features

a. A zettascale supercomputer will consume 100 megawatts of power and offer a power efficiency of about 10 teraflops per watt. 

b. This will require a storage capacity of at least one zettabyte.

c. Processors are expected to use multi-chiplet designs, combining advanced CPUs with accelerators, GPUs, and memory modules.

Applications

  • Providing accurate global forecasts two weeks in advance.
  • Reducing the time required to simulate black hole mergers or supernovae from months to hours.
  • Modeling complex systems like the human brain, opening doors to breakthroughs in AI and medicine​.

Fastest supercomputers in the world

Rank

Supercomputer

Manufacturer

Location

Rpeak (PFlop/s)

1

Frontier

Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA

1,714.81

2

Aurora

Intel

Argonne National Laboratory, USA

1,980.01

3

Eagle

Microsoft Azure

USA

846.84

4

Fugaku

Fujitsu

RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Japan

537.21

5

LUMI

HPE

CSC - IT Center for Science, Finland

531.51

6

Alps

HPE

Switzerland

353.75

7

Leonardo

EVIDEN

CINECA, Italy

306.31

8

MareNostrum 5

EVIDEN

Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Spain

249.44

9

Summit

IBM

Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA

200.79

10

Eos NVIDIA DGX SuperPOD

Nvidia

USA

188.65

Major supercomputers of India

The AI Supercomputer'AIRAWAT' and PARAM Siddhi – AI are currently the fastest supercomputers in India. AIRAWAT has been ranked 75th in the world as of June 2023.

Supercomputer

Institution

Peak Performance

Purpose/Usage

PARAM Siddhi-AI

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing

5.27 PFlops

AI, weather forecasting, medical research

Pratyush

Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology

4.0 PFlops

Climate and weather forecasting

Mihir

National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting

2.8 PFlops

Weather predictions and climate simulations

SahasraT

Indian Institute of Science (IISc)

1.46 PFlops

Aerospace engineering, molecular research, climate simulations

AADITYA

Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology

790 TFlops

Climate and weather predictions, specifically rainfall

Vikram-100

Physical Research Laboratory

300 TFlops

Space science, geophysics, solar physics

SAGA-220

ISRO

220 TFlops

Aerospace engineering, fluid dynamics for launch vehicles

VIRGO

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras

97 TFlops

Satellite data analysis for weather prediction

READ ABOUT QUANTUM COMPUTING: https://www.iasgyan.in/daily-current-affairs/quantum-computing-38#:~:text=Instead%20of%20bits%2C%20quantum%20computers,can%20do%20is%20called%20entanglement.

Sources: 

NDTV

PRACTICE QUESTION

Q:Consider the following statements in reference to Indian Supercomputers: 

1. India’s first supercomputer, PARAM 8000, was developed in the late 1970s.

2. PARAM Shivay, installed at IIT (BHU), was the first supercomputer to be fully assembled in India.

Select the correct statements using the codes given below:

a) 1 only

b) 2 only

c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: b

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: In 1991, C-DAC, had for the first time unveiled the Param 8000 supercomputer which had a speed of one giga flop (1,000 gigaflop is equivalent to one teraflop).

Statement 2 is correct: PARAM Shivay, the first supercomputer assembled indigenously,was installed in IIT (BHU), followed by PARAM Shakti, PARAM Brahma, PARAM Yukti, PARAM Sanganak at IIT-Kharagpur, IISER, Pune, JNCASR, Bengaluru and IIT Kanpur respectively.

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