IVC SITES

Site

Location

River

Excavator(s)

Findings

Harappa

Punjab, Pakistan (formerly in India)

Ravi

Daya Ram Sahni (1921)

Granaries, citadel, large residential buildings, seals, weights, human skeletal remains, and evidence of social and economic organization, Red sandstone Male torso, Stone symbols of Lingam and Yoni, Painted pottery, Mother Goddess, Dice

Mohenjo-Daro

Sindh, Pakistan (formerly in India)

Indus

R. D. Banerji (1922)

Great Bath, granary, assembly halls, seals, bronze statue of the "Dancing Girl," evidence of sophisticated drainage system, and city planning, Largest site of Indus civilization, Post cremation burial, Seal with Pashupathi and mother goddess.

Kalibangan

Hanumangarh, Rajasthan

Ghaggar

Amlanand Ghosh (1953), B. B. Lal, B. K. Thapar

Fire altars, ploughed field, distinct pottery, brick platforms, and evidence of earthquake leading to the site’s decline, Bangle factory, Camel bones, Fire altars.

Lothal

Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Bhogava, Sabarmati

S. R. Rao (1954)

Dockyard, bead factory, terracotta figurines, seals, weights, pottery, and evidence of maritime activities, Important naval trade site, Cremation site, Granaries, Rice husk, Double burial (male and female together).

Dholavira

Kutch, Gujarat

Luni

J. P. Joshi (1967), R. S. Bisht

Water reservoirs, step wells, giant inscriptions, citadel, large public buildings, sophisticated water management system, and a unique burial site, only site divided in 3 parts, Megalithic stone circle, giant water reservoirs.

Rakhigarhi

Hisar, Haryana

Ghaggar-Hakra

Amarendra Nath (1997), Vasant Shinde (2011)

Large city layout, jewelry, terracotta figurines, evidence of agriculture, granaries, burial sites, and one of the largest known settlements of the IVC. Shows all three phases of Harappa Culture.

Surkotada

Kutch, Gujarat

Dry River bed

J. P. Joshi (1964)

Evidence of horse remains, citadel, stone and mud-brick structures, pottery, beads, and seals.

Banawali

Fatehabad, Haryana

Saraswati (Ghaggar-Hakra)

R. S. Bisht (1973)

Seals, terracotta figurines, advanced town planning, and fortified structures, Oval shaped settlement, Lack of systematic drainage system, Barley grains, Lapis Lazuli, Fire altars, Only city with Radial streets; Centre of pre-Harappan, Mature Harappan, and Late Harappan civilization

Rangpur

Surendranagar, Gujarat

Madar

M. S. Vats (1931), S. R. Rao

Harappan pottery, tools, beads, and evidence of a rice-growing settlement, indicating agricultural practices. Remains of both pre-Harappan and mature Harappan culture; Yellow and gray color pots of pre-Harappan people.

Chanhudaro

Sindh, Pakistan (formerly in India)

Indus

N. G. Majumdar (1931), E. J. H. Mackay

Bead-making factory, seals, weights, bangles, and absence of fortification, suggesting it was more of a production or industrial center, Inkpot, Lipstick, Metal workers, Shell-ornament makers and bead makers shop, dog’s paw imprint on brick, Terracotta model of bullock cart, Bronze toy cart.

Balu

Kaithal, Haryana

Saraswati

Suraj Bhan (1971)

Pottery, bone tools, beads, evidence of wheat and barley cultivation, and a small settlement with ties to Harappan culture.

Kunal

Fatehabad, Haryana

Saraswati (Ghaggar-Hakra)

Amarendra Nath (1992)

Early Harappan pottery, gold beads, seals, terracotta bangles, and evidence of early settlement structures, indicative of Harappan village life.

Ropar

Punjab

Sutlej

Y.D. Sharma (1955–56)

Dog buried with human, Oval pit burials, Copper axe, First site to be excavated after independence.

Alamgirpur

Uttar Pradesh

Hindon

Y.D. Sharma (1958)

Broken copper blade, Ceramic items, Impression of cloth on a trough.

Daimabad

Maharashtra

Pravara

B.P. Bopardikar (1958), S.R. Rao

Bronze images (charioteer with chariot, ox, elephant, and rhinoceros).

Kot Diji

Sindh, Pakistan

Indus

Ghurey (1835), Fazal Ahmed Khan (1955)

Fortified pre-Harappan and Harappan settlement, Pottery, Copper tools, and evidence of early urbanization.

Amri

Sindh, Pakistan

Indus

N.G. Majumdar (1929)

Pre-Harappan settlement; Transitional culture between pre and post-Harappan culture; Actual remains of rhinoceros, trace of jhangar culture in Late Harappan fire altars.

Sutkagen Dor

Balochistan, Pakistan (formerly in India)

Dasht

Aurel Stein (1928), George F. Dales (1960s)

Ash filled pot, Copper axe, Earthen bangles, Pottery; Originally a port but later cut off from the sea.