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Why in news?

• The Global Methane Pledge was launched at the ongoing UN COP26 climate conference in Glasgow.
• So far, over 90 countries have signed this pledge, which is an effort led jointly by the United States and the European Union.

About Methane:

• Methane is the second-most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, after carbon dioxide, and, therefore, pledges related to cutting down its emissions are significant.

What is the Global Methane Pledge?

• The pledge was first announced in September by the US and EU.
• It is essentially an agreement to reduce global methane emissions.
• One of the central aims of this agreement is to cut down methane emissions by up to 30 per cent from 2020 levels by the year 2030.
• According to the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report, methane accounts for about half of the 1.0 degrees Celsius net rise in global average temperature since the pre-industrial era.
• Rapidly reducing methane emissions is complementary to action on carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and is regarded as the single most effective strategy to reduce global warming in the near term and keep the goal of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius within reach

Why there is need to control methane?

• According to the UN, 25 per cent of the warming that the world is experiencing today is because of methane, a greenhouse gas, which is also a component of natural gas.
• Because it is a greenhouse gas, its presence in the atmosphere increases Earth’s temperature.
• There are various sources of methane including human and natural sources.
• Human sources of methane include landfills, oil and natural gas systems, agricultural activities, coal mining, wastewater treatment, and certain industrial processes.
• The oil and gas sectors are among the largest contributors to human sources of methane.

Why is dealing with methane important for climate change?

• Methane has a much shorter atmospheric lifetime (12 years as compared to centuries for CO2), but it is a much more potent greenhouse gas simply because it absorbs more energy while it is in the atmosphere.
• Methane is a powerful pollutant and has a global warming potential that is 80 times greater than carbon dioxide, about 20 years after it has been released into the atmosphere.
• Significantly, the average methane leak rate of 2.3 per cent “erodes much of the climate advantage gas has over coal”.

https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/global-methane-pledge-explained-7605172/

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