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About Semeru Volcano

• Semeru, often known as "The Great Mountain," is Java's highest and most active volcano.
• It last erupted in June 2023.
• Indonesia, which has the most active volcanoes in the world, is vulnerable to seismic activity due to its location on the Pacific's Ring of Fire.
• The Semeru volcano is also part of the Island arcs generated by the subduction of the Indo-Australian plate beneath the Sunda Plate (which is part of the Eurasian Plate). The trench developed here is known as the Sunda Trench, and its main section is known as the Java Trench.

The Pacific Ring of Fire:

• The Ring of Fire, also known as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path that runs around the Pacific Ocean and is marked by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.
• It follows the tectonic plate borders of the Pacific, Cocos, Indian-Australian, Nazca, North American, and Philippine Plates.

About Island Arcs:

• They are long, curved chains of oceanic islands characterized by significant volcanic and seismic activity as well as orogenic (mountain-building) activities.
• On its concave side, an island arc usually has a land mass or partially enclosed, unusually shallow water.
• A long, narrow deep-sea trench nearly always exists along the convex side.
• The deepest ocean depths are found in these seafloor depressions, such as the Mariana (the world's deepest trench) and Tonga trenches.
• The Aleutian-Alaska Arc and the Kuril-Kamchatka Arc are two prime examples of this type of geologic phenomenon.

Volcanoes in India:

• Barren Island, Andaman Islands (India's only active volcano)
• Narcondam, Andaman Islands
• Baratang, Andaman Islands
• Deccan Traps, Maharashtra
• Dhinodhar Hills, Gujarat
• Dhosi Hill, Haryana

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