Context: Indian billionaires increased their wealth by 35% during the lockdown, says Oxfam report

• Indian billionaires increased their wealth by 35% during the lockdown to ₹ 3 trillion, ranking India after U.S., China, Germany, Russia and France.
• The wealth of just the top 11 billionaires during the pandemic could easily sustain the MGNREGS or the Health Ministry for the next 10 years, stated the report.
• It underscored the deepening inequalities due to COVID-19 where the wealthiest escaped the worst impact of the pandemic while the poor faced joblessness, starvation and death.
• It recommended reintroducing the wealth tax and effecting a one-time COVID-19 cess of 4% on taxable income of over ₹10 lakh to help the economy recover from the lockdown.
• According to its estimate, wealth tax on the nation’s 954 richest families could raise the equivalent of 1% of the GDP.
• The report also delved deeper into different forms of inequities, including educational, gender and health, which meant that facilities to wash hands and maintain distance, essential to prevent the spread of Coronavirus, was impossible for a majority of the population.

Health

• According to the report, only 6% of the poorest 20% have access to non-shared sources of improved sanitation, compared to 93.4 % of the top 20 %.
• 6 % of India’s population lived in a room or less, which meant that protocols necessary to prevent the spread of COVID-19 cannot be followed.
• While the government took steps to make COVID-19 services affordable by including them under Ayushman Bharat-PMJAY, the scheme only covered BPL (below poverty line) population leaving out the uninsured poor and the middle class.

Education

• Till October, 32 crores students were hit by closure of schools, of whom 84 % resided in rural areas and 70 %attended government schools.
• Oxfam India’s survey across five States said that close to 40 % of teachers in government schools feared that the prolonged school closure might lead to a third of the students not returning once schools reopened.
• It was estimated that out of school rates would double in a year.
• Dalits, Adivasis and Muslims were likely to see a higher rate of dropout.
• Girls were also most vulnerable as they were at risk of early and forced marriage, violence and early pregnancies, it noted.

Gender

• Unemployment of women rose by 15% from a pre-lockdown level of 18 %, which could result in a loss of India’s GDP of about 8 % or ₹15 trillion.
• Women who were employed before the lockdown were also 23.5 percentage points less likely to be re-employed compared to men in the post lockdown phase.

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/oxfam-study-shows-rich-got-richer-during-pandemic/article33655044.ece?homepage=true

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