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Context - According to the QS World University Rankings “35 programmes offered by Indian institutes make it to the top-100 list”.

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• According to the 12th edition of the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University Rankings “Five IITs, two IIMs, Jawaharlal Nehru University and Delhi University are among the 16 higher education institutes in India that collectively offer 35 programmes that globally rank among the top 100 in their respective subject categories”.
  • The previous edition of the QS rankings by subject featured 25 programmes offered by 12 educational institutes in India.
• The report stated that “Seven out of 11 Institutes of Eminence (IoE), which have been identified by the government for the upgrade to world-class status, offer some of the programmes that are ranked top 100“.
• The researchers of the QS ranked the institutions on the basis of scores in academic reputation, employer reputation and research citations per paper, among others.
• About other Asian countries;
  • Chinese education institutes with 215 programmes offered are at the top of the list
  • South Korea (142)
  • Japan (122)
  • Hong Kong (118)
  • Singapore (78)

Institutions of Eminence

• The Government of India has launched the World Class Institutions Scheme in the year 2017.
• The objective was to promote 10 institutions each from the public and private categories to have world-class academic and research facilities and granted them the status of Institution of Eminence (IoE).
  • Public institutions to receive Rs 1,000 Cr over 5 years.
  • No financial support for Private institutions, but they get Significant freedom from government regulations and institutional autonomy.
• They can admit foreign students up to 30% of total seats.
• They can recruit foreign faculty up to 25% of faculty Strength.
• They can offer online Courses for up to 20% of their Programmes.

Challenges in Indian Education System

• India has achieved universal enrolment at the elementary level. This is a great achievement, but getting Students to School is only the beginning of human Capital formation.
• Poor quality of facilities, Shortage of qualified faculty.
• Out of date Curriculum, Limited university-industry Partnership.
• Indian origin Scientists have won the Nobel Prize, but post-independence work done in India has not led to a Science novel. If Indians Studying and working abroad can have a great impact, then obviously the problem has to do with our Systems of education and research.
• Broken governance System. There are few rewards for being a good teacher and few Punishments for being a Careless one. Need more effective and accountable governance Systems.
• The greed of Private Colleges to earn the maximum from every Student puts traumatic Pressure on Students which results in mental breakdown.
• More girls than boys drop out of School. While boys drop out to work, girls usually Stay at home and help with domestic Work. Social Conception of gender roles is an important factor.
• Learning loss due to pandemics and the digital divide.

Steps taken by the Government

• The 86th Constitution Amendment provides the Fundamental right to free and compulsory education under Article 21A includes a Common education System where the “rich and Poor are educated under one roof".
• Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan provides funding to eligible State higher educational institutions.
• Declaration of Educational Institutions as institutions of Eminence, to provide world-class education to Indian Students within the Country.
• Creation of Higher Education Financing Agency, for high-quality infrastructure in Premier educational institutions.
• National Institution Ranking Framework for ranking our higher education institutions.
• GIAN Initiative to invite distinguished academicians, entrepreneurs, scientists, and experts from premier institutions across the world to teach in higher educational institutions in India.
• SWAYAM Portal for online Courses.
• SWAYAM Prabha Provide HD educational Channels through DTH on a 24X7 basis.
• Sodhganga to develop a national repository of universities in India, digital Study material for higher education.
• Samagra Shiksha Scheme to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education at all levels of school education.

https://indianexpress.com/article/education/qs-rankings-35-programmes-offered-by-indian-institutes-make-it-to-top-100-list-7856563/

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