Introduction: Environment issues should be above political dissonance, and to this end attempt to highlight critical facts, which need to be flagged for public knowledge. To politically weaponise environmental issues is unproductive and unacceptable.

How India fares:

• India being ranked at “177 out of 180 countries” in the Environmental Performance Index Besides, in the June 2020 EPI Index, India’s rank stands improved at 168, not 177 that is the 2018 rank.
• The Environmental Performance Index has been developed by two U.S. universities (Yale and Columbia) in collaboration with the World Economic Forum and European Commission and available ranking shows India at 118 in 2006, 123 in 2010, 155 in 2014 and 177 in 2018, thereby giving a message opposite to that sought to be conveyed, regarding our standing at 177 in 2018.
• The 2008 ranking suggests that “wealth is a major determinant of environmental success.” Any balance between the environment and development needs to be struck within India and based on our priorities, and not some international index.

Political record:

• Present government has alleged preoccupation with “crony capitalism” and implementing “ease of doing business” is detrimental to the environment.
• Every government faces this balancing challenge. Further, the link between the great winter smog and pollution in North India, and the present draft EIA draft exemplify the anomalies of federalism, where the imperatives of the Centre and States diff
• There are also problems of environmental laws, which are effective in principle, against point sources like industries — but not against agriculture related pollution such as stubble burning or public usage pollution relating to vehicular and household sources.
• Undoubtedly, big industry has erred grievously in polluting our environment, and the government needs to take stringent steps against violators.
• Governments were unable to frame subordinate legislation and implement the Forest Rights Act effectively for eight long years.
• ‘Forests’ was a State subject until transferred to the Concurrent list by the 42nd Amendment Act.
• However, de facto, the powers of the State governments continue, which is why, regardless of political affiliation, State governments hesitate to fully implement the Forest Rights Act.

Focus on deforestation:

• Deforestation ought to be a primary concern of any right thinking government. Forest clearances for mining and industries, while major, are not the only causes of deforestation.
• Population pressure due to which the slash and burn (or jhoom cycle) has reduced in forest areas from 1720 years to two three years giving no time for forest regeneration, and creeping conversion of forest to cultivated land are both major drivers of deforestation;
• There is also the increasing use of timber for household and industry purposes. However, while diversion of forests for mining and industry is regulated by law and challenged in courts, the other major drivers are not even discussed.
• ‘Nirmal Ganga’ can be achieved by zero discharge of effluents and domestic sewerage, but ‘Aviral Ganga’ can only be achieved by constant balancing between irrigation needs of agriculture and potable water for cities on the one hand and the environmental flow of the river on the other.

Crucial dimensions:

• The balance of imperatives between the environment and poverty eradication, and the critical need to harmonize the working of the central, State, and local governments, as also intelligence, monitoring and compliance with law are vital dimensions of environment preservation.
• To address environment protection from the standpoint of ideological or political mooring is to sound the death knell of our environment.
• The environment is a national issue, which requires the unwavering participation of all governments, and all citizens, regardless of political affiliation.

Reference:

https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-environment-is-a-national-issue/article32491199.ece

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